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Excitation of multi-channel cladding modes based on fan-shaped refractive index modulated long-period fiber gratings.

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Title: Excitation of multi-channel cladding modes based on fan-shaped refractive index modulated long-period fiber gratings.
Authors: Zhao, Xinyi1 (AUTHOR), Peng, Qingya1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zuyao2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Fang1 (AUTHOR) mnjcdl403@126.com, Mou, Chengbo3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yunqi3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yufang1,4 (AUTHOR) liuyufang2005@126.com
Source: Infrared Physics & Technology. May2026, Vol. 155, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Optical fiber cladding, Refractive index, Sensitivity analysis
Abstract: • Multi-parameter sensing. • Fan-shaped refractive index modulation. • Simultaneous excitation of four different azimuthal-order cladding modes (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode). • The F-LPFG achieves high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining considerable temperature and torsion sensitivity. We demonstrate a fan-shaped refractive-index-modulated long-period fiber grating (F-LPFG) in standard single-mode fiber, fabricated by CO 2 -laser point-shaped exposure. The asymmetric, sector-shaped index perturbation enables the simultaneous coupling of the fundamental core mode to multiple cladding modes with different azimuthal orders (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode) in a single grating. The F-LPFG was experimentally characterized for surrounding refractive index, torsion and temperature. The maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity reaches 7,796.10 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.445–1.457 RIU, torsional sensitivity is 0.1590 nm/(rad·m−1) over −36 to + 36 rad/m, and temperature sensitivity is 71 pm/°C from 25°C to 110°C. By monitoring multiple resonances and forming a sensitivity matrix, we demonstrate simultaneous demodulation of RI, torsion and temperature. The F-LPFG combines simultaneous multi-parameter measurement capability and a simple structure, and thus offers a compact, scalable approach for multichannel and multi-parameter fiber sensing in demanding application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Infrared Physics & Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192618005
AccessLevel: 6
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Excitation of multi-channel cladding modes based on fan-shaped refractive index modulated long-period fiber gratings.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Xinyi%22">Zhao, Xinyi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Qingya%22">Peng, Qingya</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zuyao%22">Liu, Zuyao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Fang%22">Wang, Fang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mnjcdl403@126.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mou%2C+Chengbo%22">Mou, Chengbo</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yunqi%22">Liu, Yunqi</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yufang%22">Liu, Yufang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liuyufang2005@126.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Infrared+Physics+%26+Technology%22">Infrared Physics & Technology</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 155, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+fiber+cladding%22">Optical fiber cladding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refractive+index%22">Refractive index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+analysis%22">Sensitivity analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • Multi-parameter sensing. • Fan-shaped refractive index modulation. • Simultaneous excitation of four different azimuthal-order cladding modes (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode). • The F-LPFG achieves high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining considerable temperature and torsion sensitivity. We demonstrate a fan-shaped refractive-index-modulated long-period fiber grating (F-LPFG) in standard single-mode fiber, fabricated by CO 2 -laser point-shaped exposure. The asymmetric, sector-shaped index perturbation enables the simultaneous coupling of the fundamental core mode to multiple cladding modes with different azimuthal orders (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode) in a single grating. The F-LPFG was experimentally characterized for surrounding refractive index, torsion and temperature. The maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity reaches 7,796.10 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.445–1.457 RIU, torsional sensitivity is 0.1590 nm/(rad·m−1) over −36 to + 36 rad/m, and temperature sensitivity is 71 pm/°C from 25°C to 110°C. By monitoring multiple resonances and forming a sensitivity matrix, we demonstrate simultaneous demodulation of RI, torsion and temperature. The F-LPFG combines simultaneous multi-parameter measurement capability and a simple structure, and thus offers a compact, scalable approach for multichannel and multi-parameter fiber sensing in demanding application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Infrared Physics & Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106494
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Optical fiber cladding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Refractive index
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      – SubjectFull: Sensitivity analysis
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      – TitleFull: Excitation of multi-channel cladding modes based on fan-shaped refractive index modulated long-period fiber gratings.
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            NameFull: Zhao, Xinyi
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            NameFull: Peng, Qingya
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            NameFull: Liu, Zuyao
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            NameFull: Liu, Yunqi
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 155
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