3D & 4D Printing—In Engineering Applications.
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| Title: | 3D & 4D Printing—In Engineering Applications. |
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| Authors: | Kozior, Tomasz1 (AUTHOR) tkozior@tu.kielce.pl, Bochnia, Jerzy (AUTHOR) jbochnia@tu.kielce.pl |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1307. 8p. |
| Subjects: | Three-dimensional printing, Shape memory polymers, Laser sintering, Industrial applications, Selective laser melting, Manufacturing industries, Rapid prototyping |
| Abstract: | The article provides an overview of the current state and engineering applications of 3D and 4D printing technologies, highlighting their evolution from rapid prototyping to versatile industrial manufacturing. It emphasizes key capabilities such as product customization, complex geometries, and the integration of dynamic material properties in 4D printing, which adds the dimension of time through materials like shape memory polymers. The discussion includes specific engineering focuses such as mold design using laser powder bed fusion, optimization of selective laser melting parameters, development of advanced materials for 4D printing, challenges in producing thin-walled components, and the creation of lattice and cellular structures for lightweight, high-strength applications. Additionally, the article addresses the importance of international standardization efforts by ISO and ASTM, particularly the ISO/ASTM 52900, 52901, and 52926-1 standards, which provide foundational vocabulary, quality requirements, and operator qualifications essential for industrial adoption and quality assurance in additive manufacturing. [Extracted from the article] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | The article provides an overview of the current state and engineering applications of 3D and 4D printing technologies, highlighting their evolution from rapid prototyping to versatile industrial manufacturing. It emphasizes key capabilities such as product customization, complex geometries, and the integration of dynamic material properties in 4D printing, which adds the dimension of time through materials like shape memory polymers. The discussion includes specific engineering focuses such as mold design using laser powder bed fusion, optimization of selective laser melting parameters, development of advanced materials for 4D printing, challenges in producing thin-walled components, and the creation of lattice and cellular structures for lightweight, high-strength applications. Additionally, the article addresses the importance of international standardization efforts by ISO and ASTM, particularly the ISO/ASTM 52900, 52901, and 52926-1 standards, which provide foundational vocabulary, quality requirements, and operator qualifications essential for industrial adoption and quality assurance in additive manufacturing. [Extracted from the article] |
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| ISSN: | 19961944 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ma19071307 |
