Effect of Limestone on Electrical Properties of Cementitious Systems.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Effect of Limestone on Electrical Properties of Cementitious Systems.
Authors:	Weiss, W. Jason¹, Isgor, O. Burkan², Bharadwaj, Keshav³
Source:	ACI Materials Journal. Mar2026, Vol. 123 Issue 2, p19-30. 12p.
Subjects:	Limestone, Electric properties, Hydration, Aluminum compounds, Porosity, Tortuosity, Cement composites
Geographic Terms:	Americas
Abstract:	The composition of ordinary portland cement (OPC) changed in North America with the addition of ground limestone in 2004 (since the adoption of ASTM C150-04a), which reacts to form carboaluminate hydration products. This paper discusses the potential influence of limestone addition on the porosity, pore connectivity, formation factor, and electrical properties of cementitious systems. The carboaluminate reaction products can result in a system with limestone that has an equivalent water-powder ratio (w/p) approximately 0.07 lower than the system without limestone (occurring at the minimum porosity). When reactive alumina is added to the system, a greater amount of limestone reacts, and a reduction in porosity occurs. The carboaluminate phases impact the transport properties of mixtures to a greater extent for mixtures with moderately low w/p and aluminous supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This has implications for standards and specifications, which are based on historical research and testing using cements that do not contain limestone and therefore would have a higher porosity and lower formation factor than cements manufactured in the United States after approximately 2004 at the same w/p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	The composition of ordinary portland cement (OPC) changed in North America with the addition of ground limestone in 2004 (since the adoption of ASTM C150-04a), which reacts to form carboaluminate hydration products. This paper discusses the potential influence of limestone addition on the porosity, pore connectivity, formation factor, and electrical properties of cementitious systems. The carboaluminate reaction products can result in a system with limestone that has an equivalent water-powder ratio (w/p) approximately 0.07 lower than the system without limestone (occurring at the minimum porosity). When reactive alumina is added to the system, a greater amount of limestone reacts, and a reduction in porosity occurs. The carboaluminate phases impact the transport properties of mixtures to a greater extent for mixtures with moderately low w/p and aluminous supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This has implications for standards and specifications, which are based on historical research and testing using cements that do not contain limestone and therefore would have a higher porosity and lower formation factor than cements manufactured in the United States after approximately 2004 at the same w/p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	0889325X
DOI:	10.14359/51749381