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Effect of Limestone on Electrical Properties of Cementitious Systems.

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Title: Effect of Limestone on Electrical Properties of Cementitious Systems.
Authors: Weiss, W. Jason1, Isgor, O. Burkan2, Bharadwaj, Keshav3
Source: ACI Materials Journal. Mar2026, Vol. 123 Issue 2, p19-30. 12p.
Subjects: Limestone, Electric properties, Hydration, Aluminum compounds, Porosity, Tortuosity, Cement composites
Geographic Terms: Americas
Abstract: The composition of ordinary portland cement (OPC) changed in North America with the addition of ground limestone in 2004 (since the adoption of ASTM C150-04a), which reacts to form carboaluminate hydration products. This paper discusses the potential influence of limestone addition on the porosity, pore connectivity, formation factor, and electrical properties of cementitious systems. The carboaluminate reaction products can result in a system with limestone that has an equivalent water-powder ratio (w/p) approximately 0.07 lower than the system without limestone (occurring at the minimum porosity). When reactive alumina is added to the system, a greater amount of limestone reacts, and a reduction in porosity occurs. The carboaluminate phases impact the transport properties of mixtures to a greater extent for mixtures with moderately low w/p and aluminous supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This has implications for standards and specifications, which are based on historical research and testing using cements that do not contain limestone and therefore would have a higher porosity and lower formation factor than cements manufactured in the United States after approximately 2004 at the same w/p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ACI Materials Journal is the property of American Concrete Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Effect of Limestone on Electrical Properties of Cementitious Systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Limestone%22">Limestone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+properties%22">Electric properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydration%22">Hydration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aluminum+compounds%22">Aluminum compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Porosity%22">Porosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tortuosity%22">Tortuosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cement+composites%22">Cement composites</searchLink>
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  Data: The composition of ordinary portland cement (OPC) changed in North America with the addition of ground limestone in 2004 (since the adoption of ASTM C150-04a), which reacts to form carboaluminate hydration products. This paper discusses the potential influence of limestone addition on the porosity, pore connectivity, formation factor, and electrical properties of cementitious systems. The carboaluminate reaction products can result in a system with limestone that has an equivalent water-powder ratio (w/p) approximately 0.07 lower than the system without limestone (occurring at the minimum porosity). When reactive alumina is added to the system, a greater amount of limestone reacts, and a reduction in porosity occurs. The carboaluminate phases impact the transport properties of mixtures to a greater extent for mixtures with moderately low w/p and aluminous supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This has implications for standards and specifications, which are based on historical research and testing using cements that do not contain limestone and therefore would have a higher porosity and lower formation factor than cements manufactured in the United States after approximately 2004 at the same w/p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of ACI Materials Journal is the property of American Concrete Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.14359/51749381
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 19
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      – SubjectFull: Limestone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric properties
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aluminum compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Porosity
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      – SubjectFull: Tortuosity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cement composites
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      – SubjectFull: Americas
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      – TitleFull: Effect of Limestone on Electrical Properties of Cementitious Systems.
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              Text: Mar2026
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              Y: 2026
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