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A new formula for the elementary discharge coefficient in supercritical flow over side weirs.

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Title: A new formula for the elementary discharge coefficient in supercritical flow over side weirs.
Authors: Jalili Ghazizadeh, Mohammadreza1 (AUTHOR), Mohajeri, Seyed Hossein2 (AUTHOR) hossein.mohajeri@khu.ac.ir, Ezati, Soran3 (AUTHOR)
Source: ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. May2026, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p364-378. 15p.
Subjects: Discharge coefficient, Weirs, Genetic algorithms, Open-channel flow, Froude number, Flow separation, Energy dissipation, Hydraulic engineering
Abstract: Supercritical flow over side weirs is a challenging and complex area of research in hydraulic engineering. Despite the importance of understanding the behavior of supercritical flow over side weirs, few investigations have been conducted on this topic, and many aspects of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. In this study, 86 laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the mechanism of supercritical flow over rectangular sharp-crested side weirs. The results indicate that the average energy loss over the side weir is 11.2%, which emphasizes the significance of accurately predicting the diverted discharge and water level at the end of the weir. A new formula for the elementary discharge coefficient is proposed based on the governing equation of spatially varied supercritical flow. This formulation incorporates key physical phenomena, including energy dissipation and flow separation, and is optimized using a genetic algorithm. The resulting model accurately predicts both the diverted discharge and the water surface profile along the side weir. The model is applicable to sharp-crested rectangular side weirs in rectangular channels operating under supercritical flow conditions within the investigated Froude number range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Supercritical flow over side weirs is a challenging and complex area of research in hydraulic engineering. Despite the importance of understanding the behavior of supercritical flow over side weirs, few investigations have been conducted on this topic, and many aspects of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. In this study, 86 laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the mechanism of supercritical flow over rectangular sharp-crested side weirs. The results indicate that the average energy loss over the side weir is 11.2%, which emphasizes the significance of accurately predicting the diverted discharge and water level at the end of the weir. A new formula for the elementary discharge coefficient is proposed based on the governing equation of spatially varied supercritical flow. This formulation incorporates key physical phenomena, including energy dissipation and flow separation, and is optimized using a genetic algorithm. The resulting model accurately predicts both the diverted discharge and the water surface profile along the side weir. The model is applicable to sharp-crested rectangular side weirs in rectangular channels operating under supercritical flow conditions within the investigated Froude number range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:09715010
DOI:10.1080/09715010.2026.2639977