Bistatic Scattering from Canonical Urban and Maritime Targets: A Physical Optics Solution.
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| Title: | Bistatic Scattering from Canonical Urban and Maritime Targets: A Physical Optics Solution. |
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| Authors: | Di Martino, Gerardo1 (AUTHOR), Di Simone, Alessio1,2 (AUTHOR) alessio.disimone@unina.it, Fuscaldo, Walter1,2 (AUTHOR), Iodice, Antonio1,2 (AUTHOR), Riccio, Daniele1 (AUTHOR), Ruello, Giuseppe1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. Apr2026, Vol. 18 Issue 8, p1219. 33p. |
| Subjects: | Bistatic radar, Radar cross sections, Physical optics, Remote sensing, Scattering (Mathematics), Electromagnetic interactions |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? A fully analytical GO-PO bistatic scattering model is developed for a canonical target over a lossy random rough surface (ground or sea), accounting for both single- and multiple-bounce interaction mechanisms. The proposed model shows satisfactory agreement with numerical simulations and measurements under different operating conditions, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability despite the simplified target geometry. What are the implications of the main findings? The proposed analytical model enables efficient and accurate evaluation of bistatic radar cross-sections for urban and maritime targets (e.g., buildings and large ships), making it well suited for large-scale simulations in complex environments and for improved interpretation of bistatic remote sensing data. The closed-form framework can support bistatic mission planning, system design, and data analysis and interpretation, while also fostering the development of advanced retrieval methodologies for urban monitoring and maritime surveillance applications in bistatic observation geometries. The increasing availability of microwave bistatic remote sensing data highlights the need for reliable and computationally efficient scattering models to support data interpretation, system design, and mission planning. This is particularly relevant in urban and maritime environments, where the electromagnetic (EM) interaction between buildings and ships with the surrounding environment significantly affects the observed bistatic signatures. This paper presents a fully analytical model for EM bistatic scattering from a canonical target, represented as a parallelepiped with smooth dielectric faces located over a lossy random rough surface. The formulation is developed within the framework of the Kirchhoff Approximation and accounts for both single- and multiple-bounce scattering mechanisms arising from the mutual interaction between the target and the underlying surface. Reflections from the target walls are modeled using the Geometrical Optics solution, while scattering from the rough surface is described through the zeroth-order Physical Optics approximation. The resulting closed-form expressions provide both coherent and incoherent components of the scattered field as explicit functions of system and scene parameters. The proposed closed-form model enables fast and reliable evaluation of bistatic scattering from parallelepiped-like structures, such as buildings and large ships interacting with surrounding rough surfaces. This capability is particularly beneficial for the design and optimization of bistatic remote sensing missions in urban and maritime contexts as well as the development and assessment of inversion methods and large-scale analyses. Validation against numerical simulations and experimental results available in the literature demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach across different operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? A fully analytical GO-PO bistatic scattering model is developed for a canonical target over a lossy random rough surface (ground or sea), accounting for both single- and multiple-bounce interaction mechanisms. The proposed model shows satisfactory agreement with numerical simulations and measurements under different operating conditions, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability despite the simplified target geometry. What are the implications of the main findings? The proposed analytical model enables efficient and accurate evaluation of bistatic radar cross-sections for urban and maritime targets (e.g., buildings and large ships), making it well suited for large-scale simulations in complex environments and for improved interpretation of bistatic remote sensing data. The closed-form framework can support bistatic mission planning, system design, and data analysis and interpretation, while also fostering the development of advanced retrieval methodologies for urban monitoring and maritime surveillance applications in bistatic observation geometries. The increasing availability of microwave bistatic remote sensing data highlights the need for reliable and computationally efficient scattering models to support data interpretation, system design, and mission planning. This is particularly relevant in urban and maritime environments, where the electromagnetic (EM) interaction between buildings and ships with the surrounding environment significantly affects the observed bistatic signatures. This paper presents a fully analytical model for EM bistatic scattering from a canonical target, represented as a parallelepiped with smooth dielectric faces located over a lossy random rough surface. The formulation is developed within the framework of the Kirchhoff Approximation and accounts for both single- and multiple-bounce scattering mechanisms arising from the mutual interaction between the target and the underlying surface. Reflections from the target walls are modeled using the Geometrical Optics solution, while scattering from the rough surface is described through the zeroth-order Physical Optics approximation. The resulting closed-form expressions provide both coherent and incoherent components of the scattered field as explicit functions of system and scene parameters. The proposed closed-form model enables fast and reliable evaluation of bistatic scattering from parallelepiped-like structures, such as buildings and large ships interacting with surrounding rough surfaces. This capability is particularly beneficial for the design and optimization of bistatic remote sensing missions in urban and maritime contexts as well as the development and assessment of inversion methods and large-scale analyses. Validation against numerical simulations and experimental results available in the literature demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach across different operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 20724292 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/rs18081219 |
