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Preparation of a Novel Fe/Ca Modified Chlorella Biochar for Phosphorus Removal from Mariculture Tail Water by Response Surface Methodology.

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Title: Preparation of a Novel Fe/Ca Modified Chlorella Biochar for Phosphorus Removal from Mariculture Tail Water by Response Surface Methodology.
Authors: Yu, Kehan1 (AUTHOR), Jiao, Haifeng1,2 (AUTHOR) hfjiao@sina.com, Liu, Changjun2,3 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Dan3,4 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Xiafei1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yurong1,2 (AUTHOR), Shi, Xizhi3,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1700. 31p.
Subjects: Biochar, Phosphate removal (Sewage purification), Response surfaces (Statistics), Water purification, Adsorption kinetics, Marine pollution
Abstract: Excessive phosphorus discharge from aquaculture effluent significantly contributes to coastal eutrophication, while conventional adsorbents exhibit limited phosphorus removal efficiency in high-salinity, weakly alkaline seawater effluent. This study developed iron/calcium co-modified chlorella biochar (FCBC) through co-impregnation and high-temperature pyrolysis, optimizing the preparation process via the Box–Behnken response surface method. The optimal conditions were identified as an iron concentration of 2.5 mol/L, a calcium concentration of 2.0 mol/L, a pyrolysis temperature of 717 °C, and a duration of 113 min. Under these conditions, FCBC achieved a phosphorus removal rate of 93.23% within 3 h, which was significantly higher than that of the unmodified Chlorella biochar (BC, <8% within the same reaction time). The Fe/Ca co-modification endowed FCBC with a positively charged surface, an increased average pore size of 22.773 nm, and good magnetic responsiveness (saturation magnetization of 6.68 emu·g−1). FCBC demonstrated remarkable adaptability, achieving over 97% phosphorus removal across a pH range of 3 to 11, salinity levels of 5 to 40‰, and phosphorus concentrations of 1 to 15 mg/L. Its adsorption kinetics conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.987) and the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.971), with efficient phosphorus removal primarily attributed to iron–calcium synergistic effects. FCBC presents significant potential for phosphorus treatment in marine aquaculture effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193715506
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Preparation of a Novel Fe/Ca Modified Chlorella Biochar for Phosphorus Removal from Mariculture Tail Water by Response Surface Methodology.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Yu%2C+Kehan%22&quot;&gt;Yu, Kehan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jiao%2C+Haifeng%22&quot;&gt;Jiao, Haifeng&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; hfjiao@sina.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Liu%2C+Changjun%22&quot;&gt;Liu, Changjun&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zheng%2C+Dan%22&quot;&gt;Zheng, Dan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3,4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zheng%2C+Xiafei%22&quot;&gt;Zheng, Xiafei&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhang%2C+Yurong%22&quot;&gt;Zhang, Yurong&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Shi%2C+Xizhi%22&quot;&gt;Shi, Xizhi&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3,4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22&quot;&gt;Materials (1996-1944)&lt;/searchLink&gt;. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1700. 31p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Biochar%22&quot;&gt;Biochar&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Phosphate+removal+%28Sewage+purification%29%22&quot;&gt;Phosphate removal (Sewage purification)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Response+surfaces+%28Statistics%29%22&quot;&gt;Response surfaces (Statistics)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Water+purification%22&quot;&gt;Water purification&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Adsorption+kinetics%22&quot;&gt;Adsorption kinetics&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Marine+pollution%22&quot;&gt;Marine pollution&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Excessive phosphorus discharge from aquaculture effluent significantly contributes to coastal eutrophication, while conventional adsorbents exhibit limited phosphorus removal efficiency in high-salinity, weakly alkaline seawater effluent. This study developed iron/calcium co-modified chlorella biochar (FCBC) through co-impregnation and high-temperature pyrolysis, optimizing the preparation process via the Box–Behnken response surface method. The optimal conditions were identified as an iron concentration of 2.5 mol/L, a calcium concentration of 2.0 mol/L, a pyrolysis temperature of 717 &#176;C, and a duration of 113 min. Under these conditions, FCBC achieved a phosphorus removal rate of 93.23% within 3 h, which was significantly higher than that of the unmodified Chlorella biochar (BC, &lt;8% within the same reaction time). The Fe/Ca co-modification endowed FCBC with a positively charged surface, an increased average pore size of 22.773 nm, and good magnetic responsiveness (saturation magnetization of 6.68 emu&#183;g−1). FCBC demonstrated remarkable adaptability, achieving over 97% phosphorus removal across a pH range of 3 to 11, salinity levels of 5 to 40‰, and phosphorus concentrations of 1 to 15 mg/L. Its adsorption kinetics conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.987) and the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.971), with efficient phosphorus removal primarily attributed to iron–calcium synergistic effects. FCBC presents significant potential for phosphorus treatment in marine aquaculture effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma19091700
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 31
        StartPage: 1700
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biochar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phosphate removal (Sewage purification)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Response surfaces (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water purification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adsorption kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine pollution
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Preparation of a Novel Fe/Ca Modified Chlorella Biochar for Phosphorus Removal from Mariculture Tail Water by Response Surface Methodology.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yu, Kehan
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          Name:
            NameFull: Jiao, Haifeng
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Liu, Changjun
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Zheng, Dan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zheng, Xiafei
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Zhang, Yurong
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            NameFull: Shi, Xizhi
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961944
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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