Achieving a Mode-Selective Optical Waveguide in a PIN-PMN-PT Single Crystal via a Nickel In-Diffusion Method.
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| Title: | Achieving a Mode-Selective Optical Waveguide in a PIN-PMN-PT Single Crystal via a Nickel In-Diffusion Method. |
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| Authors: | Zhang, Yuebin1 (AUTHOR), Hu, Qingyuan1 (AUTHOR) eudoraliu@xjtu.edu.cn, Liu, Xin1 (AUTHOR), Zhuang, Yongyong1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Binbin1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Wentao1 (AUTHOR), Gao, Lunan1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zhe1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yifan1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Wenxu1 (AUTHOR), Feng, Yali1 (AUTHOR), An, Lei1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Zhuo1 (AUTHOR), Wei, Xiaoyong1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 9, p514. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Optical waveguides, Relaxor ferroelectrics, Optical constants, Multimode waveguides, Diffusion kinetics, Gradient index optics, Optical gyroscopes |
| Abstract: | Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals, such as Pb(In1/2Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Mg1/2Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3, possess extraordinary electro-optic (EO) coefficients, offering immense potential for next-generation integrated modulators. However, the application of PIN-PMN-PT in fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) is hindered by the challenge of fabricating high-quality optical waveguides with strict mode selectivity, as conventional diffusion typically excites multi-mode propagation. Here, the fabrication of high-quality, mode-selective waveguides is achieved in rhombohedral PIN-PMN-PT via a nickel in-diffusion technique. The resulting graded-index structures exhibit a Gaussian profile with a maximum refractive index change (∆n) of 1.53% while preserving the single crystal structure. Under specific processing conditions, we achieve precise mode selectivity, enabling exclusive transverse electric (TE) mode transmission. This mode selectivity fulfills the requirements for single-mode Y-branch geometries, establishing a robust platform for ultra-compact, low driving voltage modulators and advancing the miniaturization of inertial navigation and integrated photonic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals, such as Pb(In1/2Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Mg1/2Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3, possess extraordinary electro-optic (EO) coefficients, offering immense potential for next-generation integrated modulators. However, the application of PIN-PMN-PT in fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) is hindered by the challenge of fabricating high-quality optical waveguides with strict mode selectivity, as conventional diffusion typically excites multi-mode propagation. Here, the fabrication of high-quality, mode-selective waveguides is achieved in rhombohedral PIN-PMN-PT via a nickel in-diffusion technique. The resulting graded-index structures exhibit a Gaussian profile with a maximum refractive index change (∆n) of 1.53% while preserving the single crystal structure. Under specific processing conditions, we achieve precise mode selectivity, enabling exclusive transverse electric (TE) mode transmission. This mode selectivity fulfills the requirements for single-mode Y-branch geometries, establishing a robust platform for ultra-compact, low driving voltage modulators and advancing the miniaturization of inertial navigation and integrated photonic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 20794991 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nano16090514 |
