Equivalent Circuit Modeling-Based Frequency and Pattern Reconfigurable Low-Cost Multi-band Multi-purpose Miniaturized Antenna for Wireless Applications.
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| Title: | Equivalent Circuit Modeling-Based Frequency and Pattern Reconfigurable Low-Cost Multi-band Multi-purpose Miniaturized Antenna for Wireless Applications. |
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| Authors: | Varshney, Atul1,2 (AUTHOR) atulgkvright@gmail.com |
| Source: | Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ). Apr2026, Vol. 51 Issue 8, p11345-11362. 18p. |
| Subjects: | PIN diodes, Equivalent electric circuits, Multifrequency antennas, Adaptive antennas, Antennas (Electronics), Wireless communications |
| Abstract: | With technological advancement, the devices are becoming smaller and smaller. Therefore, the proposed antenna design presents a direct-coupled-fed, compact, low-cost, lightweight, simple structure, one-sided (easy to fabricate), multi-band, frequency, and pattern reconfigurable antenna using a single PIN diode (low-connection loss). The low-conductor and dielectric loss antenna features a miniaturized (11.3 × 50 mm2), tri-band operation. The antenna achieves tri-band resonating frequencies at 1.23 GHz, 1.83 GHz, and 2.46 GHz, respectively, without a PIN diode. The antenna reflection coefficient and radiation characteristics are controlled by the switching operation of the PIN diode (BAR64-02 V). In ON-state diode, the reflection coefficient plot nearly follows the reflection coefficient of the antenna without diodes with resonance frequencies at 1.18 GHz (1.19–1.21 GHz), 1.78 GHz (1.76–1.84 GHz), and 2.46 GHz (2.33–2.86 GHz), respectively, and in OFF-state diode, reflection coefficient of antenna becomes dual-band with shifted resonating frequencies to 1.46 GHz (1.46–1.48 GHz) and 2.28 GHz (2.16–2.48 GHz). The antenna measured and simulated results of the designed stripped frequency reconfigurable antenna are found in excellent agreement. The antenna achieves E-plane gain pattern reconfigurability with peak gains of 4.67 dBi (without diodes), 4.70 dBi (OFF-mode), and 4.52 dBi (ON-mode), respectively. The RLC equivalent circuits of the antenna and two switching modes are generated and validated using the Advanced Design Systems (ADS) software. The antenna is suitable for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), L-band satellite communication, LTE/LTE-A, wireless broadband, Wi-Fi, ISM, Bluetooth, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), IoT applications, telemetry, fixed/mobile communications, and S-band satellite communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
| Abstract: | With technological advancement, the devices are becoming smaller and smaller. Therefore, the proposed antenna design presents a direct-coupled-fed, compact, low-cost, lightweight, simple structure, one-sided (easy to fabricate), multi-band, frequency, and pattern reconfigurable antenna using a single PIN diode (low-connection loss). The low-conductor and dielectric loss antenna features a miniaturized (11.3 × 50 mm2), tri-band operation. The antenna achieves tri-band resonating frequencies at 1.23 GHz, 1.83 GHz, and 2.46 GHz, respectively, without a PIN diode. The antenna reflection coefficient and radiation characteristics are controlled by the switching operation of the PIN diode (BAR64-02 V). In ON-state diode, the reflection coefficient plot nearly follows the reflection coefficient of the antenna without diodes with resonance frequencies at 1.18 GHz (1.19–1.21 GHz), 1.78 GHz (1.76–1.84 GHz), and 2.46 GHz (2.33–2.86 GHz), respectively, and in OFF-state diode, reflection coefficient of antenna becomes dual-band with shifted resonating frequencies to 1.46 GHz (1.46–1.48 GHz) and 2.28 GHz (2.16–2.48 GHz). The antenna measured and simulated results of the designed stripped frequency reconfigurable antenna are found in excellent agreement. The antenna achieves E-plane gain pattern reconfigurability with peak gains of 4.67 dBi (without diodes), 4.70 dBi (OFF-mode), and 4.52 dBi (ON-mode), respectively. The RLC equivalent circuits of the antenna and two switching modes are generated and validated using the Advanced Design Systems (ADS) software. The antenna is suitable for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), L-band satellite communication, LTE/LTE-A, wireless broadband, Wi-Fi, ISM, Bluetooth, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), IoT applications, telemetry, fixed/mobile communications, and S-band satellite communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 2193567X |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s13369-025-11018-8 |
