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Beam deflection in cubic SBN crystals driven by the quadratic EO effect and space-charge-induced electric field gradient.

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Title: Beam deflection in cubic SBN crystals driven by the quadratic EO effect and space-charge-induced electric field gradient.
Authors: Liu, Naishen1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Bing1,2 (AUTHOR) liubing@sdas.org, Jin, Lijie1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Shenao1 (AUTHOR), Niu, Yu1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Yuguo1,3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Rui1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Xuping1,3 (AUTHOR) wangxp@sdas.org
Source: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2026, Vol. 59 Issue 20, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Deflection (Light), Charge injection, Beam steering, Phase-shifting interferometry, Crystals, Kerr electro-optical effect
Abstract: Large-angle electro-optic (EO) beam steering typically relies on high driving voltages or complex cascade structures. Here, we demonstrate a high-efficiency deflection mechanism in cubic-phase strontium barium niobate (SBN) crystals driven by the quadratic EO effect and a space-charge-induced field gradient. By engineering ohmic contacts to facilitate carrier injection, we successfully established a steep internal electric field gradient, achieving a large deflection of 91 mrad at ±450 V. We report the quantitative determination of the quadratic EO coefficient (2.85 × 10−15 m2 V−2) for cubic SBN, a parameter that has remained experimentally undetermined. Furthermore, the internal space-charge evolution was visually quantified using phase-shifting interferometry. These findings, validated by a theoretical deflection model, reveal the critical role of space-charge dynamics in paraelectric crystals and offer a robust pathway for compact, low-voltage optical control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Large-angle electro-optic (EO) beam steering typically relies on high driving voltages or complex cascade structures. Here, we demonstrate a high-efficiency deflection mechanism in cubic-phase strontium barium niobate (SBN) crystals driven by the quadratic EO effect and a space-charge-induced field gradient. By engineering ohmic contacts to facilitate carrier injection, we successfully established a steep internal electric field gradient, achieving a large deflection of 91 mrad at ±450 V. We report the quantitative determination of the quadratic EO coefficient (2.85 × 10−15 m2 V−2) for cubic SBN, a parameter that has remained experimentally undetermined. Furthermore, the internal space-charge evolution was visually quantified using phase-shifting interferometry. These findings, validated by a theoretical deflection model, reveal the critical role of space-charge dynamics in paraelectric crystals and offer a robust pathway for compact, low-voltage optical control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00223727
DOI:10.1088/1361-6463/ae69f2