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Effect of SEBS‐g‐MA Compatibilizer in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide (PAGF) and Recycled Polyvinyl Butyral (rPVB) Blends.

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Title: Effect of SEBS‐g‐MA Compatibilizer in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide (PAGF) and Recycled Polyvinyl Butyral (rPVB) Blends.
Authors: Carmona‐Cervantes, Isabel Ariadna1 (AUTHOR), Figueroa‐López, Ulises1 (AUTHOR), Medina, Jorge Alberto2 (AUTHOR), Guevara‐Morales, Andrea1 (AUTHOR) a.guevaram@tec.mx
Source: Polymer Engineering & Science. Mar2026, Vol. 66 Issue 3, p1927-1943. 17p.
Subjects: Polyvinyl butyral, Miscibility, Mechanical behavior of materials, Glass-reinforced plastics, Chemical affinity, Tribology, Polymer blends
Abstract: The development of high‐value applications for recycled polymers is a growing priority in the automotive sector. Recycled polyvinyl butyral (rPVB), widely recovered from laminated windshields, has shown potential as a solid lubricant in glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide (PAGF). However, PAGF/rPVB blends are inherently immiscible, limiting their mechanical performance. This study investigates the effect of low concentrations (1–10 wt.%) of styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial compatibility and miscibility of PAGF/rPVB blends. Ternary PAGF/rPVB/SEBS‐g‐MA blends were prepared by melt mixing and injection molding and characterized using spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal, and mechanical methods. SEBS‐g‐MA promoted chemical interactions between hydroxyl groups in rPVB, carboxyl groups in SEBS‐g‐MA, and amino groups in PAGF, enhancing interfacial adhesion and morphological homogeneity. Even at 1 wt.%, SEBS‐g‐MA improved compatibility, evidenced by reduced phase separation and chemical bonds. At 5 and 10 wt.%, signs of partial miscibility emerged, including smaller second‐phase domains, sharper and lower‐temperature tan δ peaks, and increased crystallinity. Mechanical strength and stiffness decreased with increasing SEBS‐g‐MA content due to the lower mechanical properties of SEBS‐g‐MA and rPVB. Blends with 5 and 10 wt.% SEBS‐g‐MA showed the highest compatibility and partial miscibility, but also the greatest modulus reductions. In contrast, 1 and 3 wt.% blends retained more stiffness while benefiting from improved compatibility. These results highlight the trade‐off between favored compatibility/miscibility and mechanical properties while demonstrating SEBS‐g‐MA potential to enable recycled blends for tribological applications where interfacial stability, damping, and dispersion of lubricating phases are prioritized over high modulus. Highlights: SEBS‐g‐MA enables recycled blends for tribological applications.SEBS‐g‐MA promotes miscibility and compatibility between rPVB and PAGF.Even 1 wt.% SEBS‐g‐MA favors interfacial adhesion and miscibility.Blends with 5 and 10 wt.% SEBS‐g‐MA presented the highest compatibility.SEBS‐g‐MA favors interfacial stability and damping over modulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:The development of high‐value applications for recycled polymers is a growing priority in the automotive sector. Recycled polyvinyl butyral (rPVB), widely recovered from laminated windshields, has shown potential as a solid lubricant in glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide (PAGF). However, PAGF/rPVB blends are inherently immiscible, limiting their mechanical performance. This study investigates the effect of low concentrations (1–10 wt.%) of styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial compatibility and miscibility of PAGF/rPVB blends. Ternary PAGF/rPVB/SEBS‐g‐MA blends were prepared by melt mixing and injection molding and characterized using spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal, and mechanical methods. SEBS‐g‐MA promoted chemical interactions between hydroxyl groups in rPVB, carboxyl groups in SEBS‐g‐MA, and amino groups in PAGF, enhancing interfacial adhesion and morphological homogeneity. Even at 1 wt.%, SEBS‐g‐MA improved compatibility, evidenced by reduced phase separation and chemical bonds. At 5 and 10 wt.%, signs of partial miscibility emerged, including smaller second‐phase domains, sharper and lower‐temperature tan δ peaks, and increased crystallinity. Mechanical strength and stiffness decreased with increasing SEBS‐g‐MA content due to the lower mechanical properties of SEBS‐g‐MA and rPVB. Blends with 5 and 10 wt.% SEBS‐g‐MA showed the highest compatibility and partial miscibility, but also the greatest modulus reductions. In contrast, 1 and 3 wt.% blends retained more stiffness while benefiting from improved compatibility. These results highlight the trade‐off between favored compatibility/miscibility and mechanical properties while demonstrating SEBS‐g‐MA potential to enable recycled blends for tribological applications where interfacial stability, damping, and dispersion of lubricating phases are prioritized over high modulus. Highlights: SEBS‐g‐MA enables recycled blends for tribological applications.SEBS‐g‐MA promotes miscibility and compatibility between rPVB and PAGF.Even 1 wt.% SEBS‐g‐MA favors interfacial adhesion and miscibility.Blends with 5 and 10 wt.% SEBS‐g‐MA presented the highest compatibility.SEBS‐g‐MA favors interfacial stability and damping over modulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00323888
DOI:10.1002/pen.70317