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Heteroatom engineering of carbon electrodes: Lithium-ion selective capacitive deionization.

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Title: Heteroatom engineering of carbon electrodes: Lithium-ion selective capacitive deionization.
Authors: Seffar, Yassine1 (AUTHOR), Burger, Peter R.2 (AUTHOR), Brzhezinskaya, Maria3 (AUTHOR), Dahbi, Mouad1 (AUTHOR) mouad.dahbi@um6p.ma, Presser, Volker1,2,4,5 (AUTHOR) volker.presser@leibniz-inm.de
Source: Desalination. Sep2026, Vol. 634, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Carbon electrodes, Doping agents (Chemistry), Electrolyte solutions, Saline water conversion, Adsorption capacity, Materials science, Boron
Abstract: The development of efficient carbon-based materials is crucial for overcoming the performance limitations of traditional electrodes in capacitive deionization (CDI). However, the practical performance of heteroatom-doped carbon electrodes for desalination in complex multi-ion water matrices remains largely unexplored. In this work, we studied the ion selectivity toward Li+ and the removal efficiency of nitrogen‑sulfur co-doped and boron-doped carbon electrodes in brackish water, using multi-salt cation solutions containing monovalent (Li+, Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) ions. These modifications enhanced charge distribution, wettability, and ion diffusion within the electrodes. As a result, the N,S-AC electrode exhibited pronounced lithium selectivity in brackish water, while the B-AC electrode delivered higher adsorption capacity. The B-AC electrode achieved both high capacity and enhanced lithium selectivity even under strong competition from Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. These findings demonstrate the distinct and complementary roles of N,S-co-doping and B-doping, offering valuable insights into how heteroatom engineering can advance CDI performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:The development of efficient carbon-based materials is crucial for overcoming the performance limitations of traditional electrodes in capacitive deionization (CDI). However, the practical performance of heteroatom-doped carbon electrodes for desalination in complex multi-ion water matrices remains largely unexplored. In this work, we studied the ion selectivity toward Li+ and the removal efficiency of nitrogen‑sulfur co-doped and boron-doped carbon electrodes in brackish water, using multi-salt cation solutions containing monovalent (Li+, Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) ions. These modifications enhanced charge distribution, wettability, and ion diffusion within the electrodes. As a result, the N,S-AC electrode exhibited pronounced lithium selectivity in brackish water, while the B-AC electrode delivered higher adsorption capacity. The B-AC electrode achieved both high capacity and enhanced lithium selectivity even under strong competition from Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. These findings demonstrate the distinct and complementary roles of N,S-co-doping and B-doping, offering valuable insights into how heteroatom engineering can advance CDI performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00119164
DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2026.120232