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Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel functionalized by RGD-conjugated tobacco mosaic virus for improved bone cell adhesion on 3D-printed Ti scaffold.

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Title: Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel functionalized by RGD-conjugated tobacco mosaic virus for improved bone cell adhesion on 3D-printed Ti scaffold.
Authors: Bubpamala, Theeraporn1 (AUTHOR), Meethong, Thongpon2 (AUTHOR), Promoppatum, Patcharapit3 (AUTHOR), Pholpabu, Pitirat1 (AUTHOR) pitirat.pho@kmutt.ac.th, Wang, Qian1,2 (AUTHOR) wang263@mailbox.sc.edu
Source: Materials Chemistry & Physics. Jul2026, Vol. 360, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Hyaluronic acid, Tissue scaffolds, Hydrogels, Cell-matrix adhesions, Surface coatings, Tobacco mosaic virus, Bone regeneration, Orthopedic implants
Abstract: 3D-printed titanium (Ti) scaffolds are a promising candidate in orthopedic implantation, providing robust mechanical support and highly customizable architectures that promote favorable outcomes in bone regeneration. However, their bio-inert surfaces limit cell adhesion and osseointegration, reducing clinical effectiveness. To address this challenge, we engineered a bioactive hydrogel coating functionalized with virus-based nanoparticles to enhance the biological performance of 3D-printed Ti scaffolds. The hydrogel, based on methacrylated-hyaluronic acid (MeHA) and crosslinked with dithiothreitol (DTT), was functionalized with RGD-conjugated Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV-RGD), providing integrin-targeting nanoscale cues that promote osteoblast adhesion and stimulate osteogenic differentiation. Optimization of MeHA, DTT, and TMV-RGD concentrations revealed DTT as the dominant factor influencing hydrogel stiffness, degradation, and cytocompatibility. Incorporating the TMV-RGD-functionalized MeHA hydrogel into the porous structure of 3D-printed Ti scaffolds significantly enhanced cellular responses, including attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. We postulate that these enhancements resulted from the synergistic effects of optimized mechanical stiffness and virus-mediated bioactivity, together creating a microenvironment that promotes osteogenic differentiation. Our findings establish a bioactive approach for converting bio-inert 3D-printed titanium scaffolds into implants that actively promote osteogenic differentiation. [Display omitted] • MeHA hydrogel was developed to enhance bioactivity of 3D-printed Ti scaffolds. • TMV-RGD provided nanoscale cues and integrin-binding sites for cell attachment. • Hydrogel stiffness (4–16 kPa) was modulated by varying DTT concentrations. • H-DTT35 (∼13 kPa) showed optimal balance of stiffness and cytocompatibility. • MeHA/TMV-RGD on Ti scaffolds accelerated ALP activity and mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:3D-printed titanium (Ti) scaffolds are a promising candidate in orthopedic implantation, providing robust mechanical support and highly customizable architectures that promote favorable outcomes in bone regeneration. However, their bio-inert surfaces limit cell adhesion and osseointegration, reducing clinical effectiveness. To address this challenge, we engineered a bioactive hydrogel coating functionalized with virus-based nanoparticles to enhance the biological performance of 3D-printed Ti scaffolds. The hydrogel, based on methacrylated-hyaluronic acid (MeHA) and crosslinked with dithiothreitol (DTT), was functionalized with RGD-conjugated Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV-RGD), providing integrin-targeting nanoscale cues that promote osteoblast adhesion and stimulate osteogenic differentiation. Optimization of MeHA, DTT, and TMV-RGD concentrations revealed DTT as the dominant factor influencing hydrogel stiffness, degradation, and cytocompatibility. Incorporating the TMV-RGD-functionalized MeHA hydrogel into the porous structure of 3D-printed Ti scaffolds significantly enhanced cellular responses, including attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. We postulate that these enhancements resulted from the synergistic effects of optimized mechanical stiffness and virus-mediated bioactivity, together creating a microenvironment that promotes osteogenic differentiation. Our findings establish a bioactive approach for converting bio-inert 3D-printed titanium scaffolds into implants that actively promote osteogenic differentiation. [Display omitted] • MeHA hydrogel was developed to enhance bioactivity of 3D-printed Ti scaffolds. • TMV-RGD provided nanoscale cues and integrin-binding sites for cell attachment. • Hydrogel stiffness (4–16 kPa) was modulated by varying DTT concentrations. • H-DTT35 (∼13 kPa) showed optimal balance of stiffness and cytocompatibility. • MeHA/TMV-RGD on Ti scaffolds accelerated ALP activity and mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02540584
DOI:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2026.132619