View in EDS PDF Full Text

Simulation of Vulnerability in the China-Europe Railway Express Asymmetric Interdependent Network Based on Improved Percolation Theory.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Simulation of Vulnerability in the China-Europe Railway Express Asymmetric Interdependent Network Based on Improved Percolation Theory.
Authors: Qian, Mingjun1 qianmingjun@mail.lzjtu.cn, Zhang, Zhaojie2 12231017@stu.lzjtu.edu.cn, Zhao, Tingting2 1811869757@qq.com, Yin, Chao2 12241030@stu.lzjtu.edu.cn
Source: Engineering Letters. Jun2026, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p2411-2425. 15p.
Subjects: Percolation theory, Network failures (Telecommunication), Computer simulation, Infrastructure (Economics)
Geographic Terms: Tianjin (China), Xi'an Shi (China), Zhengzhou Shi (China)
Abstract: As a key transnational logistics channel, the stability of the China Railway Express (CRE) network directly affects its transport efficiency and safety. To investigate the mechanisms of cascading failures and the evolution of network vulnerability, this paper constructs an asymmetric double-layer interdependent network model for the Chinese section of the CRE, incorporating both the physical infrastructure and service layers. A CS-T (cosine similarity-TOPSIS-grey relational analysis) model is used to identify critical nodes, while an improved percolation model with a nonlinear capacity-load mechanism simulates cascading failure dynamics. Multi-scenario simulations reveal how network vulnerability evolves under different attack strategies and parameters. Results highlight the importance of nodes such as Xi'an, Tianjin, and Zhengzhou, whose critical roles are further confirmed through targeted attack simulations. Vulnerability analysis shows that network fragility is jointly influenced by capacity parameters a and ß and the interdependency degree p, with parameter ß acting as a key order parameter that alters the type of network percolation as it is varied. The proposed models and methods offer theoretical and practical insights for optimizing the CRE network structure, protecting critical nodes, and improving emergency scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Engineering Letters is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194195722
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Simulation of Vulnerability in the China-Europe Railway Express Asymmetric Interdependent Network Based on Improved Percolation Theory.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qian%2C+Mingjun%22">Qian, Mingjun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> qianmingjun@mail.lzjtu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Zhaojie%22">Zhang, Zhaojie</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> 12231017@stu.lzjtu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Tingting%22">Zhao, Tingting</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> 1811869757@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yin%2C+Chao%22">Yin, Chao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> 12241030@stu.lzjtu.edu.cn</i>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Engineering+Letters%22">Engineering Letters</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p2411-2425. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Percolation+theory%22">Percolation theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Network+failures+%28Telecommunication%29%22">Network failures (Telecommunication)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infrastructure+%28Economics%29%22">Infrastructure (Economics)</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tianjin+%28China%29%22">Tianjin (China)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Xi'an+Shi+%28China%29%22">Xi'an Shi (China)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zhengzhou+Shi+%28China%29%22">Zhengzhou Shi (China)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: As a key transnational logistics channel, the stability of the China Railway Express (CRE) network directly affects its transport efficiency and safety. To investigate the mechanisms of cascading failures and the evolution of network vulnerability, this paper constructs an asymmetric double-layer interdependent network model for the Chinese section of the CRE, incorporating both the physical infrastructure and service layers. A CS-T (cosine similarity-TOPSIS-grey relational analysis) model is used to identify critical nodes, while an improved percolation model with a nonlinear capacity-load mechanism simulates cascading failure dynamics. Multi-scenario simulations reveal how network vulnerability evolves under different attack strategies and parameters. Results highlight the importance of nodes such as Xi'an, Tianjin, and Zhengzhou, whose critical roles are further confirmed through targeted attack simulations. Vulnerability analysis shows that network fragility is jointly influenced by capacity parameters a and ß and the interdependency degree p, with parameter ß acting as a key order parameter that alters the type of network percolation as it is varied. The proposed models and methods offer theoretical and practical insights for optimizing the CRE network structure, protecting critical nodes, and improving emergency scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Engineering Letters is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=194195722
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 2411
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Percolation theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Network failures (Telecommunication)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infrastructure (Economics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tianjin (China)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Xi'an Shi (China)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Zhengzhou Shi (China)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Simulation of Vulnerability in the China-Europe Railway Express Asymmetric Interdependent Network Based on Improved Percolation Theory.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Qian, Mingjun
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Zhaojie
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhao, Tingting
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yin, Chao
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 1816093X
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 34
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Engineering Letters
              Type: main
ResultId 1