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Experimental and simulation analysis of fuze response characteristics under bullet impact.

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Title: Experimental and simulation analysis of fuze response characteristics under bullet impact.
Authors: Zhang, Xiaowei1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Heming1 (AUTHOR) B20230119@nuc.edu.cn, Xiao, Youcai1 (AUTHOR) xiaoyoucai@nuc.edu.cn, Wang, Ruisheng1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Wanqian3 (AUTHOR), Qu, Kepeng2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology. Jun2026, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p4385-4399. 15p.
Subjects: Pressure sensors, Hopkinson bars (Testing), Computer simulation, Explosives, Blast waves, Projectiles, Pressure measurement
Abstract: Insensitive munitions (IM) assessments require systematic bullet impact testing to ensure safety performance. Although bullet impact tests have been widely performed, this study presents an experimental methodology and evaluation framework for testing and quantitatively characterizing fuze output pressure using a strain-type pressure bar sensor. In the experiments, a 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile impacted the fuze, and output pressures corresponding to different reaction levels were measured using the strain-type pressure bar sensor designed based on the Hopkinson bar principle. The fuze reaction level was determined through combined analysis of output pressure and shell fracture characteristics. Numerical simulations were performed to examine fuze response under bullet impact and to analyze the initiation mechanism. Simulated shock wave pressures under different conditions were compared with experimentally measured output pressures. The results confirm that the strain-type pressure bar sensor provides accurate quantitative measurement of fuze output pressure and enables reliable characterization of IM reaction levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Insensitive munitions (IM) assessments require systematic bullet impact testing to ensure safety performance. Although bullet impact tests have been widely performed, this study presents an experimental methodology and evaluation framework for testing and quantitatively characterizing fuze output pressure using a strain-type pressure bar sensor. In the experiments, a 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile impacted the fuze, and output pressures corresponding to different reaction levels were measured using the strain-type pressure bar sensor designed based on the Hopkinson bar principle. The fuze reaction level was determined through combined analysis of output pressure and shell fracture characteristics. Numerical simulations were performed to examine fuze response under bullet impact and to analyze the initiation mechanism. Simulated shock wave pressures under different conditions were compared with experimentally measured output pressures. The results confirm that the strain-type pressure bar sensor provides accurate quantitative measurement of fuze output pressure and enables reliable characterization of IM reaction levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:1738494X
DOI:10.1007/s12206-026-0525-1