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Experimental and simulation analysis of fuze response characteristics under bullet impact.

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Title: Experimental and simulation analysis of fuze response characteristics under bullet impact.
Authors: Zhang, Xiaowei1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Heming1 (AUTHOR) B20230119@nuc.edu.cn, Xiao, Youcai1 (AUTHOR) xiaoyoucai@nuc.edu.cn, Wang, Ruisheng1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Wanqian3 (AUTHOR), Qu, Kepeng2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology. Jun2026, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p4385-4399. 15p.
Subjects: Pressure sensors, Hopkinson bars (Testing), Computer simulation, Explosives, Blast waves, Projectiles, Pressure measurement
Abstract: Insensitive munitions (IM) assessments require systematic bullet impact testing to ensure safety performance. Although bullet impact tests have been widely performed, this study presents an experimental methodology and evaluation framework for testing and quantitatively characterizing fuze output pressure using a strain-type pressure bar sensor. In the experiments, a 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile impacted the fuze, and output pressures corresponding to different reaction levels were measured using the strain-type pressure bar sensor designed based on the Hopkinson bar principle. The fuze reaction level was determined through combined analysis of output pressure and shell fracture characteristics. Numerical simulations were performed to examine fuze response under bullet impact and to analyze the initiation mechanism. Simulated shock wave pressures under different conditions were compared with experimentally measured output pressures. The results confirm that the strain-type pressure bar sensor provides accurate quantitative measurement of fuze output pressure and enables reliable characterization of IM reaction levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194452114
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Experimental and simulation analysis of fuze response characteristics under bullet impact.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xiaowei%22">Zhang, Xiaowei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Heming%22">Zhao, Heming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> B20230119@nuc.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiao%2C+Youcai%22">Xiao, Youcai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xiaoyoucai@nuc.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ruisheng%22">Wang, Ruisheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Wanqian%22">Yu, Wanqian</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qu%2C+Kepeng%22">Qu, Kepeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Mechanical+Science+%26+Technology%22">Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p4385-4399. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pressure+sensors%22">Pressure sensors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hopkinson+bars+%28Testing%29%22">Hopkinson bars (Testing)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Explosives%22">Explosives</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blast+waves%22">Blast waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Projectiles%22">Projectiles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pressure+measurement%22">Pressure measurement</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Insensitive munitions (IM) assessments require systematic bullet impact testing to ensure safety performance. Although bullet impact tests have been widely performed, this study presents an experimental methodology and evaluation framework for testing and quantitatively characterizing fuze output pressure using a strain-type pressure bar sensor. In the experiments, a 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile impacted the fuze, and output pressures corresponding to different reaction levels were measured using the strain-type pressure bar sensor designed based on the Hopkinson bar principle. The fuze reaction level was determined through combined analysis of output pressure and shell fracture characteristics. Numerical simulations were performed to examine fuze response under bullet impact and to analyze the initiation mechanism. Simulated shock wave pressures under different conditions were compared with experimentally measured output pressures. The results confirm that the strain-type pressure bar sensor provides accurate quantitative measurement of fuze output pressure and enables reliable characterization of IM reaction levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s12206-026-0525-1
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 4385
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pressure sensors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hopkinson bars (Testing)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Explosives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blast waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Projectiles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pressure measurement
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental and simulation analysis of fuze response characteristics under bullet impact.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Xiaowei
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhao, Heming
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            NameFull: Xiao, Youcai
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            NameFull: Wang, Ruisheng
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            NameFull: Yu, Wanqian
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            NameFull: Qu, Kepeng
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 40
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