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Study on Auroral electrojet index and Joule heating during solar cycle 23.

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Title: Study on Auroral electrojet index and Joule heating during solar cycle 23.
Authors: Abraham, Sherin Ann1 (AUTHOR) sherin@mgu.ac.in, Antony, S.1 (AUTHOR) antonysoosaleon@yahoo.com, Anil Kumar, C.P.2 (AUTHOR) cpanilegrl@gmail.com
Source: Advances in Space Research. Jul2026, Vol. 78 Issue 1, p41-56. 16p.
Subjects: Solar cycle, Magnetic storms, Space environment, Heat engineering, Seasonal physiological variations
Abstract: A solid understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Joule heating (JH) is essential for enhancing space weather models and forecasting satellite orbital drag. This study focuses on the enhancement of local JH in south auroral regions during Solar Cycle 23, with particular emphasis on its extreme quiet period (EQP). The linear regression analysis reveals a moderate correlation between hourly JH and the Auroral Electrojet (AE) index during periods of solar maximum. Cross wavelet analysis is employed to examine the phase correlation between these signals, indicating that seasonal variations in JH are spectrally linked to fluctuations in the AE index, suggesting a potential cause effect relationship. The summer months and the equinoxes show a higher rate of JH and dependence on AE. This study further highlights that local JH dissipation in south auroral regions during significant geomagnetic storms identifies the periods when auroral current intensity, leading to localised heating in the ionosphere, occurs during the main phase. But in solar minimum years, rather than AE, the Pedersen conductivity influences local JH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:A solid understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Joule heating (JH) is essential for enhancing space weather models and forecasting satellite orbital drag. This study focuses on the enhancement of local JH in south auroral regions during Solar Cycle 23, with particular emphasis on its extreme quiet period (EQP). The linear regression analysis reveals a moderate correlation between hourly JH and the Auroral Electrojet (AE) index during periods of solar maximum. Cross wavelet analysis is employed to examine the phase correlation between these signals, indicating that seasonal variations in JH are spectrally linked to fluctuations in the AE index, suggesting a potential cause effect relationship. The summer months and the equinoxes show a higher rate of JH and dependence on AE. This study further highlights that local JH dissipation in south auroral regions during significant geomagnetic storms identifies the periods when auroral current intensity, leading to localised heating in the ionosphere, occurs during the main phase. But in solar minimum years, rather than AE, the Pedersen conductivity influences local JH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02731177
DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2025.09.087