The vertical C-vector component tendency equation and its applications.
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| Title: | The vertical C-vector component tendency equation and its applications. |
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| Authors: | Huang, Yifei1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Yao, Xiuping2,3 (AUTHOR) yaoxp@cma.gov.cn |
| Source: | Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology. Jun2026, Vol. 65 Issue 6, p1-11. 11p. |
| Subjects: | Cyclone forecasting, Atmospheric physics, Vector algebra, Vortex motion |
| Abstract: | The C-vector, which is the extension of the Q-vector in the three-dimensional space, restores the information of the ageostrophic motion lost by the latter. A comprehensive system has been established for the Q-vector diagnosis, but few studies have focused on the C-vector. The vertical component of the C-vector has dual physical interpretations: it describes both the rotation of the ageostrophic wind and the horizontal geopotential gradient. Based on the quasi-geostrophic (QG) approximation and the vertical C-vector component in the p -coordinate system ( C p ), the C p tendency equation describing its local variations is derived. This equation has also dual physical interpretations, describing the local variation of both the ageostrophic vertical relative vorticity and the shape of the two-dimensional geopotential surface. The advection of C p , deformation, and the vorticity-divergence interactions determine the C p tendency. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and the objective cyclone identification method, the C p tendency equation is applied to diagnose the evolution of a Huang-huai cyclone, which occurred during the "21·7" extreme precipitation over Henan. Compared with the commonly used vertical relative vorticity, C p has a better performance in both tracking the cyclone center and featuring its intensity variation. The results show that the C p tendency plays a major role in the evolution of the cyclone: its distribution and variations drive the cyclone's motion and predict that the cyclone will strengthen (decay), respectively. The deformation and the vorticity-divergence interactions collectively lead to the distributions and variations of the C p tendency, and the advection of C p can be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | The C-vector, which is the extension of the Q-vector in the three-dimensional space, restores the information of the ageostrophic motion lost by the latter. A comprehensive system has been established for the Q-vector diagnosis, but few studies have focused on the C-vector. The vertical component of the C-vector has dual physical interpretations: it describes both the rotation of the ageostrophic wind and the horizontal geopotential gradient. Based on the quasi-geostrophic (QG) approximation and the vertical C-vector component in the p -coordinate system ( C p ), the C p tendency equation describing its local variations is derived. This equation has also dual physical interpretations, describing the local variation of both the ageostrophic vertical relative vorticity and the shape of the two-dimensional geopotential surface. The advection of C p , deformation, and the vorticity-divergence interactions determine the C p tendency. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and the objective cyclone identification method, the C p tendency equation is applied to diagnose the evolution of a Huang-huai cyclone, which occurred during the "21·7" extreme precipitation over Henan. Compared with the commonly used vertical relative vorticity, C p has a better performance in both tracking the cyclone center and featuring its intensity variation. The results show that the C p tendency plays a major role in the evolution of the cyclone: its distribution and variations drive the cyclone's motion and predict that the cyclone will strengthen (decay), respectively. The deformation and the vorticity-divergence interactions collectively lead to the distributions and variations of the C p tendency, and the advection of C p can be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 15588424 |
| DOI: | 10.1175/JAMC-D-25-0192.1 |
