The vertical C-vector component tendency equation and its applications.
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| Title: | The vertical C-vector component tendency equation and its applications. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Huang, Yifei1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Yao, Xiuping2,3 (AUTHOR) yaoxp@cma.gov.cn |
| Source: | Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology. Jun2026, Vol. 65 Issue 6, p1-11. 11p. |
| Subjects: | Cyclone forecasting, Atmospheric physics, Vector algebra, Vortex motion |
| Abstract: | The C-vector, which is the extension of the Q-vector in the three-dimensional space, restores the information of the ageostrophic motion lost by the latter. A comprehensive system has been established for the Q-vector diagnosis, but few studies have focused on the C-vector. The vertical component of the C-vector has dual physical interpretations: it describes both the rotation of the ageostrophic wind and the horizontal geopotential gradient. Based on the quasi-geostrophic (QG) approximation and the vertical C-vector component in the p -coordinate system ( C p ), the C p tendency equation describing its local variations is derived. This equation has also dual physical interpretations, describing the local variation of both the ageostrophic vertical relative vorticity and the shape of the two-dimensional geopotential surface. The advection of C p , deformation, and the vorticity-divergence interactions determine the C p tendency. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and the objective cyclone identification method, the C p tendency equation is applied to diagnose the evolution of a Huang-huai cyclone, which occurred during the "21·7" extreme precipitation over Henan. Compared with the commonly used vertical relative vorticity, C p has a better performance in both tracking the cyclone center and featuring its intensity variation. The results show that the C p tendency plays a major role in the evolution of the cyclone: its distribution and variations drive the cyclone's motion and predict that the cyclone will strengthen (decay), respectively. The deformation and the vorticity-divergence interactions collectively lead to the distributions and variations of the C p tendency, and the advection of C p can be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 194578052 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The vertical C-vector component tendency equation and its applications. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Yifei%22">Huang, Yifei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yao%2C+Xiuping%22">Yao, Xiuping</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yaoxp@cma.gov.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+%26+Climatology%22">Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 65 Issue 6, p1-11. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyclone+forecasting%22">Cyclone forecasting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+physics%22">Atmospheric physics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vector+algebra%22">Vector algebra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vortex+motion%22">Vortex motion</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The C-vector, which is the extension of the Q-vector in the three-dimensional space, restores the information of the ageostrophic motion lost by the latter. A comprehensive system has been established for the Q-vector diagnosis, but few studies have focused on the C-vector. The vertical component of the C-vector has dual physical interpretations: it describes both the rotation of the ageostrophic wind and the horizontal geopotential gradient. Based on the quasi-geostrophic (QG) approximation and the vertical C-vector component in the p -coordinate system ( C p ), the C p tendency equation describing its local variations is derived. This equation has also dual physical interpretations, describing the local variation of both the ageostrophic vertical relative vorticity and the shape of the two-dimensional geopotential surface. The advection of C p , deformation, and the vorticity-divergence interactions determine the C p tendency. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and the objective cyclone identification method, the C p tendency equation is applied to diagnose the evolution of a Huang-huai cyclone, which occurred during the "21·7" extreme precipitation over Henan. Compared with the commonly used vertical relative vorticity, C p has a better performance in both tracking the cyclone center and featuring its intensity variation. The results show that the C p tendency plays a major role in the evolution of the cyclone: its distribution and variations drive the cyclone's motion and predict that the cyclone will strengthen (decay), respectively. The deformation and the vorticity-divergence interactions collectively lead to the distributions and variations of the C p tendency, and the advection of C p can be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1175/JAMC-D-25-0192.1 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Cyclone forecasting Type: general – SubjectFull: Atmospheric physics Type: general – SubjectFull: Vector algebra Type: general – SubjectFull: Vortex motion Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The vertical C-vector component tendency equation and its applications. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Huang, Yifei – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yao, Xiuping IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 15588424 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 65 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
