Tailoring the Properties of Biochar-Filled Composites by Pyrolysis Temperature: A Review.
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| Title: | Tailoring the Properties of Biochar-Filled Composites by Pyrolysis Temperature: A Review. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Infurna, Giulia1 (AUTHOR) giulia.infurna@unipa.it, Dintcheva, Nadka Tz.1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p1318. 30p. |
| Subjects: | Biochar, Polymeric composites, Thermal stability, Thermolysis, Carbonization, Hydrophobic interactions, Biodegradable plastics, Porosity |
| Abstract: | Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from biomass pyrolysis, offers a promising pathway for valorising agricultural and industrial residues within a circular economy. This review analyses the evolution of biochar properties, including fixed carbon content, elemental composition, surface functional groups, porosity, pH, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability, as a function of pyrolysis temperature. The novelty of this work lies in the systematic correlation between the thermal history of biochar and its performance as a functional filler in polymer composites. In fact, increasing temperature enhances carbonisation and aromatic ordering, and in turn induces a transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behaviour, thereby promoting micro–mesoporous development. These shifts are critical for compatibility with polymer matrices and thus the production of light-weight, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly composite materials through processes such as melt extrusion and injection moulding. This study highlights how biochar can be tuned for compatibility: low-temperature biochar enhances adhesion in polar systems, while high-temperature biochar favours non-polar matrices, improving stiffness, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. In biodegradable polymer composites, additional effects on crystallisation behaviour and degradation mechanisms emerge, further highlighting the complexity of designing biochar-reinforced systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 194587582 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Tailoring the Properties of Biochar-Filled Composites by Pyrolysis Temperature: A Review. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Infurna%2C+Giulia%22">Infurna, Giulia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> giulia.infurna@unipa.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dintcheva%2C+Nadka+Tz%2E%22">Dintcheva, Nadka Tz.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p1318. 30p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biochar%22">Biochar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymeric+composites%22">Polymeric composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermolysis%22">Thermolysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbonization%22">Carbonization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrophobic+interactions%22">Hydrophobic interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodegradable+plastics%22">Biodegradable plastics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Porosity%22">Porosity</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from biomass pyrolysis, offers a promising pathway for valorising agricultural and industrial residues within a circular economy. This review analyses the evolution of biochar properties, including fixed carbon content, elemental composition, surface functional groups, porosity, pH, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability, as a function of pyrolysis temperature. The novelty of this work lies in the systematic correlation between the thermal history of biochar and its performance as a functional filler in polymer composites. In fact, increasing temperature enhances carbonisation and aromatic ordering, and in turn induces a transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behaviour, thereby promoting micro–mesoporous development. These shifts are critical for compatibility with polymer matrices and thus the production of light-weight, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly composite materials through processes such as melt extrusion and injection moulding. This study highlights how biochar can be tuned for compatibility: low-temperature biochar enhances adhesion in polar systems, while high-temperature biochar favours non-polar matrices, improving stiffness, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. In biodegradable polymer composites, additional effects on crystallisation behaviour and degradation mechanisms emerge, further highlighting the complexity of designing biochar-reinforced systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym18111318 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 30 StartPage: 1318 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Biochar Type: general – SubjectFull: Polymeric composites Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermal stability Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermolysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Carbonization Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydrophobic interactions Type: general – SubjectFull: Biodegradable plastics Type: general – SubjectFull: Porosity Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Tailoring the Properties of Biochar-Filled Composites by Pyrolysis Temperature: A Review. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Infurna, Giulia – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dintcheva, Nadka Tz. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 11 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
