A Study of the Direct Effect of Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Fullerenol C 60 (OH) 24 on the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells In Vitro.
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| Title: | A Study of the Direct Effect of Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Fullerenol C 60 (OH) 24 on the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells In Vitro. |
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| Authors: | Zamorina, Svetlana1,2 (AUTHOR), Usanina, Darya1,2 (AUTHOR), Devyatova, Kseniya1,2 (AUTHOR), Bochkova, Maria1,2 (AUTHOR), Nikitina, Maria1,2 (AUTHOR), Rayev, Mikhail1,2 (AUTHOR), Timganova, Valeria1 (AUTHOR) timganovavp@gmail.com |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p667. 14p. |
| Subjects: | Regulatory T cells, Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle toxicity, Immunological tolerance, Interleukin-10, In vitro studies, Buckminsterfullerene |
| Abstract: | Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune tolerance and are promising targets for treating immune-mediated diseases. This study investigated the direct effects of PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles (LP-GO, BP-GO at 5–25 μg/mL) and fullerenol C60(OH)24 (25–200 μg/mL) on human Treg viability and differentiation in vitro. Tregs were induced from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells using IL-2, TGF-β, and CD2/CD3/CD28 activation beads for 72 h with nanoparticles. Assessments included viability, apoptosis (Zombie aqua/Annexin V), phenotype (CD45+CD4+CD25+CD127dim/−FOXP3+), nanoparticle sorption (intrinsic fluorescence), and IL-10 production. Neither PEGylated graphene oxide nor fullerenol C60(OH)24 affected T-helper (CD4+) viability (95.35–96.15%) nor early/late apoptosis levels. Despite this, we found a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ cells in cultures exposed to 50–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. The percentage and absolute number of Treg cells decreased with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol, while IL-10 levels declined following treatment with 200 μg/mL of the same nanoparticles. Graphene oxide nanoparticles showed virtually no localization within or on cells. However, T helper and Treg cells demonstrated concentration-dependent sorption of fullerenol C60(OH)24 at concentrations of 100–200 μg/mL without a reduction in viability. These findings demonstrate good in vitro biocompatibility of the nanoparticles at pharmacological concentrations up to 25 μg/mL, alongside the inhibition of Treg differentiation with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune tolerance and are promising targets for treating immune-mediated diseases. This study investigated the direct effects of PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles (LP-GO, BP-GO at 5–25 μg/mL) and fullerenol C60(OH)24 (25–200 μg/mL) on human Treg viability and differentiation in vitro. Tregs were induced from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells using IL-2, TGF-β, and CD2/CD3/CD28 activation beads for 72 h with nanoparticles. Assessments included viability, apoptosis (Zombie aqua/Annexin V), phenotype (CD45+CD4+CD25+CD127dim/−FOXP3+), nanoparticle sorption (intrinsic fluorescence), and IL-10 production. Neither PEGylated graphene oxide nor fullerenol C60(OH)24 affected T-helper (CD4+) viability (95.35–96.15%) nor early/late apoptosis levels. Despite this, we found a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ cells in cultures exposed to 50–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. The percentage and absolute number of Treg cells decreased with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol, while IL-10 levels declined following treatment with 200 μg/mL of the same nanoparticles. Graphene oxide nanoparticles showed virtually no localization within or on cells. However, T helper and Treg cells demonstrated concentration-dependent sorption of fullerenol C60(OH)24 at concentrations of 100–200 μg/mL without a reduction in viability. These findings demonstrate good in vitro biocompatibility of the nanoparticles at pharmacological concentrations up to 25 μg/mL, alongside the inhibition of Treg differentiation with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 20794991 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nano16110667 |
