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A Study of the Direct Effect of Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Fullerenol C 60 (OH) 24 on the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells In Vitro.

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Title: A Study of the Direct Effect of Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Fullerenol C 60 (OH) 24 on the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells In Vitro.
Authors: Zamorina, Svetlana1,2 (AUTHOR), Usanina, Darya1,2 (AUTHOR), Devyatova, Kseniya1,2 (AUTHOR), Bochkova, Maria1,2 (AUTHOR), Nikitina, Maria1,2 (AUTHOR), Rayev, Mikhail1,2 (AUTHOR), Timganova, Valeria1 (AUTHOR) timganovavp@gmail.com
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p667. 14p.
Subjects: Regulatory T cells, Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle toxicity, Immunological tolerance, Interleukin-10, In vitro studies, Buckminsterfullerene
Abstract: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune tolerance and are promising targets for treating immune-mediated diseases. This study investigated the direct effects of PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles (LP-GO, BP-GO at 5–25 μg/mL) and fullerenol C60(OH)24 (25–200 μg/mL) on human Treg viability and differentiation in vitro. Tregs were induced from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells using IL-2, TGF-β, and CD2/CD3/CD28 activation beads for 72 h with nanoparticles. Assessments included viability, apoptosis (Zombie aqua/Annexin V), phenotype (CD45+CD4+CD25+CD127dim/−FOXP3+), nanoparticle sorption (intrinsic fluorescence), and IL-10 production. Neither PEGylated graphene oxide nor fullerenol C60(OH)24 affected T-helper (CD4+) viability (95.35–96.15%) nor early/late apoptosis levels. Despite this, we found a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ cells in cultures exposed to 50–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. The percentage and absolute number of Treg cells decreased with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol, while IL-10 levels declined following treatment with 200 μg/mL of the same nanoparticles. Graphene oxide nanoparticles showed virtually no localization within or on cells. However, T helper and Treg cells demonstrated concentration-dependent sorption of fullerenol C60(OH)24 at concentrations of 100–200 μg/mL without a reduction in viability. These findings demonstrate good in vitro biocompatibility of the nanoparticles at pharmacological concentrations up to 25 μg/mL, alongside the inhibition of Treg differentiation with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Study of the Direct Effect of Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Fullerenol C 60 (OH) 24 on the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells In Vitro.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zamorina%2C+Svetlana%22">Zamorina, Svetlana</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Usanina%2C+Darya%22">Usanina, Darya</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Devyatova%2C+Kseniya%22">Devyatova, Kseniya</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bochkova%2C+Maria%22">Bochkova, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nikitina%2C+Maria%22">Nikitina, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rayev%2C+Mikhail%22">Rayev, Mikhail</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Timganova%2C+Valeria%22">Timganova, Valeria</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> timganovavp@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p667. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regulatory+T+cells%22">Regulatory T cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticle+toxicity%22">Nanoparticle toxicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immunological+tolerance%22">Immunological tolerance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interleukin-10%22">Interleukin-10</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22In+vitro+studies%22">In vitro studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Buckminsterfullerene%22">Buckminsterfullerene</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune tolerance and are promising targets for treating immune-mediated diseases. This study investigated the direct effects of PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles (LP-GO, BP-GO at 5–25 μg/mL) and fullerenol C60(OH)24 (25–200 μg/mL) on human Treg viability and differentiation in vitro. Tregs were induced from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells using IL-2, TGF-β, and CD2/CD3/CD28 activation beads for 72 h with nanoparticles. Assessments included viability, apoptosis (Zombie aqua/Annexin V), phenotype (CD45+CD4+CD25+CD127dim/−FOXP3+), nanoparticle sorption (intrinsic fluorescence), and IL-10 production. Neither PEGylated graphene oxide nor fullerenol C60(OH)24 affected T-helper (CD4+) viability (95.35–96.15%) nor early/late apoptosis levels. Despite this, we found a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ cells in cultures exposed to 50–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. The percentage and absolute number of Treg cells decreased with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol, while IL-10 levels declined following treatment with 200 μg/mL of the same nanoparticles. Graphene oxide nanoparticles showed virtually no localization within or on cells. However, T helper and Treg cells demonstrated concentration-dependent sorption of fullerenol C60(OH)24 at concentrations of 100–200 μg/mL without a reduction in viability. These findings demonstrate good in vitro biocompatibility of the nanoparticles at pharmacological concentrations up to 25 μg/mL, alongside the inhibition of Treg differentiation with 100–200 μg/mL of fullerenol C60(OH)24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16110667
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 667
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      – SubjectFull: Regulatory T cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticle toxicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immunological tolerance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interleukin-10
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: In vitro studies
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      – SubjectFull: Buckminsterfullerene
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      – TitleFull: A Study of the Direct Effect of Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Fullerenol C 60 (OH) 24 on the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells In Vitro.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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