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A state-of-the-art review on ultra-high-speed precision gas micro-spindles for micromachining.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	A state-of-the-art review on ultra-high-speed precision gas micro-spindles for micromachining.
Authors:	Gao, Yanfang¹ (AUTHOR), Feng, Wei¹ (AUTHOR) wfeng@haut.edu.cn, Liu, Baoguo¹ (AUTHOR), Li, Wei² (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yun³ (AUTHOR), Yu, Hechun⁴ (AUTHOR)
Source:	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Jun2026, Vol. 144 Issue 9/10, p6045-6082. 38p.
Subjects:	Spindles (Machine tools), Micromachining, Gas-lubricated bearings, Dynamic stability
Abstract:	As a critical component of precision/ultra-precision machine tools, gas micro-spindles directly determine the performance of the machine tools and profoundly influence the advancement and application of micromachining technologies. With the increasing specialization of structural shapes, diversification of materials, and stricter precision requirements for dimensional and surface quality of precision/ultra-precision 3D micro-components, more stringent demands are imposed on the high-speed characteristics, rotational accuracy, load capacity, and stability of gas micro-spindles. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review and conduct in-depth analysis of the significant research achievements related to existing micro-spindles. This paper introduces the structure of micro-spindles and their applications in micromachining; it also reviews key performance indicators such as high-speed characteristics, rotational accuracy, and load capacity, along with their state-of-the-art. A systematic analysis and evaluation are conducted, focusing on the load capacity and stiffness of gas bearings, their testing methods, and the dynamic stability and experimental testing of gas bearing-rotor systems. Finally, the development trends of key technologies for micro-spindles are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	As a critical component of precision/ultra-precision machine tools, gas micro-spindles directly determine the performance of the machine tools and profoundly influence the advancement and application of micromachining technologies. With the increasing specialization of structural shapes, diversification of materials, and stricter precision requirements for dimensional and surface quality of precision/ultra-precision 3D micro-components, more stringent demands are imposed on the high-speed characteristics, rotational accuracy, load capacity, and stability of gas micro-spindles. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review and conduct in-depth analysis of the significant research achievements related to existing micro-spindles. This paper introduces the structure of micro-spindles and their applications in micromachining; it also reviews key performance indicators such as high-speed characteristics, rotational accuracy, and load capacity, along with their state-of-the-art. A systematic analysis and evaluation are conducted, focusing on the load capacity and stiffness of gas bearings, their testing methods, and the dynamic stability and experimental testing of gas bearing-rotor systems. Finally, the development trends of key technologies for micro-spindles are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	02683768
DOI:	10.1007/s00170-026-18088-4