Landscape forest cover, not edge contrast, modulates edge effects on palm diversity.

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Title: Landscape forest cover, not edge contrast, modulates edge effects on palm diversity.
Authors: Trujillo‐Miranda, Alma L.1 (AUTHOR) almalucrecia90@gmail.com, Tame‐Ibáñez, Abraham2 (AUTHOR), Cantos, David3 (AUTHOR), Karubian, Jordan3,4 (AUTHOR), Browne, Luke1,3 (AUTHOR), González, Nelson3 (AUTHOR), Zahawi, Rakan A.5,6 (AUTHOR), Comita, Liza S.1,7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Applied Ecology. Jun2026, Vol. 63 Issue 6, p1-16. 16p.
Subjects: Palms, Forest ecology, Ecological impact, Forest canopies, Cattle, Fragmented landscapes, Cocoa industry
Abstract (English): Edge effects are among the most important consequences of habitat fragmentation, altering abiotic conditions and biological communities in remnant forests. However, the magnitude of edge effects is highly variable, and the factors that modulate them, particularly the interplay between local edge type and the landscape context, remain poorly understood. Given ongoing increases in the proportion of the world's remaining forest found near edges, understanding these effects is critical for conservation.We investigated how edge effects are mediated by type of edge (cacao plantation vs. cattle pasture) and landscape forest cover (%), shaping palm density and diversity across forest fragments in the Ecuadorian Chocó. We established plots (100 m2) at four distances to the edge (0–10 m, 30–40 m, 60–70 m and 90–100 m) in 30 sites, 15 for each type of edge across a gradient of landscape forest cover. In each plot, we recorded all adult palms, juveniles and seedlings.The response of palms to distance to the edge and level of landscape forest cover varied across life stages: seedling communities were primarily associated with distance from the edge, showing an increase in density and richness, but a decrease in evenness, towards the forest interior. For juveniles, landscape forest cover was as important an additive predictor as distance to the edge; both increased density and richness, whereas evenness declined with higher surrounding forest cover. Adult density also increased with distance to edge and higher levels of landscape forest cover. Negative edge effects on adult richness and evenness were buffered with an increase in landscape forest cover. Unexpectedly, the type of edge contrast had no significant effect on palm density or diversity at any life stage.Synthesis and applications. Our findings demonstrate that landscape forest cover plays a critical role in modulating edge effects in plant communities in our study system, but not all woody crop systems provide buffering benefits, as cacao plantations in our study failed to soften edge effects. Consequently, conservation strategies should prioritize maintaining high landscape forest cover to ensure the integrity of remaining forest fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Resumen: Los efectos de borde se encuentran entre las consecuencias más importantes de la fragmentación del hábitat, ya que alteran las condiciones abióticas y las comunidades biológicas en los bosques remanentes. Sin embargo, la magnitud de los efectos de borde es altamente variable, y los factores que los modulan, particularmente la interacción entre el tipo de borde local y el contexto del paisaje, siguen siendo poco comprendidos. Dado el aumento continuo en la proporción de los bosques remanentes del mundo ubicados cerca de los bordes, comprender estos efectos es fundamental para la conservación.Investigamos cómo los efectos de borde son mediados por el tipo de borde —plantación de cacao vs. pastizal ganadero— y la cobertura forestal del paisaje (%), influyen en la densidad y diversidad de palmas en fragmentos de bosque en el Chocó ecuatoriano. Establecimos parcelas de 100 m2 a cuatro distancias del borde (0–10 m, 30–40 m, 60–70 m y 90–100 m) en 30 sitios, 15 para cada tipo de borde, a lo largo de un gradiente de cobertura forestal del paisaje. En cada parcela, registramos todas las palmas adultas, juveniles y plántulas.La respuesta de las palmas a la distancia al borde y al nivel de cobertura forestal del paisaje varió entre etapas de vida: las comunidades de plántulas estuvieron asociadas principalmente con la distancia al borde, mostrando un aumento en densidad y riqueza, pero una disminución en equidad, hacia el interior del bosque. Para los juveniles, la cobertura forestal del paisaje fue un predictor aditivo tan importante como la distancia al borde; ambos incrementaron la densidad y la riqueza, mientras que la equidad disminuyó con una mayor cobertura forestal circundante. La densidad de adultos también aumentó con la distancia al borde y con mayores niveles de cobertura forestal del paisaje. Los efectos negativos del borde sobre la riqueza y la equidad de adultos fueron amortiguados por un aumento en la cobertura forestal del paisaje. De manera inesperada, el tipo de contraste de borde no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la densidad o diversidad de palmas en ninguna etapa de vida.Síntesis y aplicaciones. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que la cobertura forestal del paisaje desempeña un papel crítico en la modulación de los efectos de borde en las comunidades de plantas en nuestro sistema de estudio, pero no todos los sistemas de cultivos leñosos proporcionan beneficios de amortiguamiento, ya que las plantaciones de cacao en nuestro estudio no lograron suavizar los efectos de borde. En consecuencia, las estrategias de conservación deberían priorizar el mantenimiento de una alta cobertura forestal a escala del paisaje para asegurar la integridad de los fragmentos de bosque remanentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Edge effects are among the most important consequences of habitat fragmentation, altering abiotic conditions and biological communities in remnant forests. However, the magnitude of edge effects is highly variable, and the factors that modulate them, particularly the interplay between local edge type and the landscape context, remain poorly understood. Given ongoing increases in the proportion of the world's remaining forest found near edges, understanding these effects is critical for conservation.We investigated how edge effects are mediated by type of edge (cacao plantation vs. cattle pasture) and landscape forest cover (%), shaping palm density and diversity across forest fragments in the Ecuadorian Chocó. We established plots (100 m2) at four distances to the edge (0–10 m, 30–40 m, 60–70 m and 90–100 m) in 30 sites, 15 for each type of edge across a gradient of landscape forest cover. In each plot, we recorded all adult palms, juveniles and seedlings.The response of palms to distance to the edge and level of landscape forest cover varied across life stages: seedling communities were primarily associated with distance from the edge, showing an increase in density and richness, but a decrease in evenness, towards the forest interior. For juveniles, landscape forest cover was as important an additive predictor as distance to the edge; both increased density and richness, whereas evenness declined with higher surrounding forest cover. Adult density also increased with distance to edge and higher levels of landscape forest cover. Negative edge effects on adult richness and evenness were buffered with an increase in landscape forest cover. Unexpectedly, the type of edge contrast had no significant effect on palm density or diversity at any life stage.Synthesis and applications. Our findings demonstrate that landscape forest cover plays a critical role in modulating edge effects in plant communities in our study system, but not all woody crop systems provide buffering benefits, as cacao plantations in our study failed to soften edge effects. Consequently, conservation strategies should prioritize maintaining high landscape forest cover to ensure the integrity of remaining forest fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00218901
DOI:10.1111/1365-2664.70432