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Green molten salt-derived magnetite/MXene for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation in Remazol Yellow FG degradation.

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Title: Green molten salt-derived magnetite/MXene for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation in Remazol Yellow FG degradation.
Authors: Bima, Damar Nurwahyu1 (AUTHOR), Adam, Muhammad Rizal1 (AUTHOR), Muhtar, Hasan1 (AUTHOR), Sriatun, Sriatun1 (AUTHOR), Nugraha, Muhammad Yudha1 (AUTHOR), Al Fahmi, Muhibubin1 (AUTHOR), Darmawan, Adi1 (AUTHOR) adidarmawan@live.undip.ac.id
Source: Materials Chemistry & Physics. Sep2026, Vol. 363, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: MXenes, Magnetite, Organic compounds removal (Sewage purification), Color removal (Sewage purification), Sustainable chemistry, Peroxymonosulfate, Fused salts, Catalytic activity
Abstract: A safer and more sustainable route for MXene synthesis is required to overcome the limitations associated with hydrofluoric acid (HF)-based etching methods. In this study, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene was synthesized using a eutectic molten salt mixture of NaCl, KCl, and CuCl 2 and subsequently composited with magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) to produce an efficient catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Structural and chemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the successful transformation of Ti 3 AlC 2 into Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, while SEM observations revealed a layered morphology favorable for Fe 3 O 4 incorporation. The catalytic performance of the Fe 3 O 4 /MXene composite was evaluated through the degradation of Remazol Yellow FG dye via PMS activation. The Fe 3 O 4 /MXene + PMS system achieved a degradation efficiency of 95%, significantly higher than those obtained using MXene + PMS (64.84%) and Fe 3 O 4 + PMS (22.79%). The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic interaction between Fe 3 O 4 as a PMS activation center and MXene as a conductive support that promotes electron transfer. These results demonstrate that HF-free molten salt synthesis provides an environmentally friendly approach for producing MXene-based composites with excellent catalytic activity for organic pollutant degradation in water. • MXene synthesized via molten salt etching as a safer alternative to HF. • Fe 3 O 4 /MXene composite prepared to utilize Fe2+/Fe3+ redox activity. • XRD, SEM-EDX, and Raman confirmed structure and successful integration. • Composite efficiently activated PMS for Remazol Yellow FG degradation. • Achieved 95% degradation, outperforming individual MXene and Fe 3 O 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:A safer and more sustainable route for MXene synthesis is required to overcome the limitations associated with hydrofluoric acid (HF)-based etching methods. In this study, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene was synthesized using a eutectic molten salt mixture of NaCl, KCl, and CuCl 2 and subsequently composited with magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) to produce an efficient catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Structural and chemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the successful transformation of Ti 3 AlC 2 into Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, while SEM observations revealed a layered morphology favorable for Fe 3 O 4 incorporation. The catalytic performance of the Fe 3 O 4 /MXene composite was evaluated through the degradation of Remazol Yellow FG dye via PMS activation. The Fe 3 O 4 /MXene + PMS system achieved a degradation efficiency of 95%, significantly higher than those obtained using MXene + PMS (64.84%) and Fe 3 O 4 + PMS (22.79%). The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic interaction between Fe 3 O 4 as a PMS activation center and MXene as a conductive support that promotes electron transfer. These results demonstrate that HF-free molten salt synthesis provides an environmentally friendly approach for producing MXene-based composites with excellent catalytic activity for organic pollutant degradation in water. • MXene synthesized via molten salt etching as a safer alternative to HF. • Fe 3 O 4 /MXene composite prepared to utilize Fe2+/Fe3+ redox activity. • XRD, SEM-EDX, and Raman confirmed structure and successful integration. • Composite efficiently activated PMS for Remazol Yellow FG degradation. • Achieved 95% degradation, outperforming individual MXene and Fe 3 O 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02540584
DOI:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2026.132811