12Cr2Mo1V Steel for Free-Forged Hydrogenation Reactor Shells: Defect Control, Microstructural Evolution, and Service Performance—A Review.
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| Title: | 12Cr2Mo1V Steel for Free-Forged Hydrogenation Reactor Shells: Defect Control, Microstructural Evolution, and Service Performance—A Review. |
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| Authors: | Wang, Haitao1 (AUTHOR), Quan, Guozheng1,2,3 (AUTHOR) quangz3000@sina.com, Lin, Yichou3,4 (AUTHOR), Gao, Lin4,5 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yuqing1,5 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xiao1,5 (AUTHOR), Shi, Haopeng2,4 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2464. 32p. |
| Subjects: | Microstructure, Hydrogen embrittlement of metals, Pressure vessels, Quality control, Steel alloys, Bainite |
| Abstract: | Hydrogenation reactor shells are safety-critical thick-section pressure-bearing components in petrochemical hydroprocessing equipment. Long-term exposure to elevated temperature, high pressure, and hydrogen-bearing media requires not only adequate strength, but also toughness, tempering stability, hydrogen-damage resistance, and through-thickness property uniformity. 12Cr2Mo1V steel, a Chinese Cr-Mo-V reactor steel closely related to vanadium-modified 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steels, is widely used for large-shell forgings because its alloy design supports bainitic transformation, carbide stability, and elevated-temperature performance. This review critically synthesizes studies on 12Cr2Mo1V shell forgings, related Cr-Mo-V reactor steels, and heavy free-forged products. The discussion is organized around alloy design, ingot-derived defect inheritance, defect closure during free forging, bainite–grain–carbide evolution during forging and heat treatment, and the resulting strength, toughness, and hydrogen-service performance. Particular emphasis is placed on the process–defect–microstructure–property linkage in super-thick sections. The review shows that free forging is not merely a forming route, but a decisive metallurgical operation for densification, strain penetration, and precursor-structure conditioning. Future work should integrate casting, free forging, and heat treatment with multiscale characterization and data-enhanced predictive quality control. To further reduce descriptive comparison, this review summarizes standardized quantitative indicators for evaluating forging-route design, heat-treatment response, and prediction-method reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Hydrogenation reactor shells are safety-critical thick-section pressure-bearing components in petrochemical hydroprocessing equipment. Long-term exposure to elevated temperature, high pressure, and hydrogen-bearing media requires not only adequate strength, but also toughness, tempering stability, hydrogen-damage resistance, and through-thickness property uniformity. 12Cr2Mo1V steel, a Chinese Cr-Mo-V reactor steel closely related to vanadium-modified 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steels, is widely used for large-shell forgings because its alloy design supports bainitic transformation, carbide stability, and elevated-temperature performance. This review critically synthesizes studies on 12Cr2Mo1V shell forgings, related Cr-Mo-V reactor steels, and heavy free-forged products. The discussion is organized around alloy design, ingot-derived defect inheritance, defect closure during free forging, bainite–grain–carbide evolution during forging and heat treatment, and the resulting strength, toughness, and hydrogen-service performance. Particular emphasis is placed on the process–defect–microstructure–property linkage in super-thick sections. The review shows that free forging is not merely a forming route, but a decisive metallurgical operation for densification, strain penetration, and precursor-structure conditioning. Future work should integrate casting, free forging, and heat treatment with multiscale characterization and data-enhanced predictive quality control. To further reduce descriptive comparison, this review summarizes standardized quantitative indicators for evaluating forging-route design, heat-treatment response, and prediction-method reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 19961944 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ma19122464 |
