Investigation of Additive Friction Stir Deposition of Inconel 718: Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Evolution.
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| Title: | Investigation of Additive Friction Stir Deposition of Inconel 718: Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Evolution. |
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| Authors: | Zavari, Saeid1 (AUTHOR), Emanet, Selami1,2 (AUTHOR), Ding, Huan1 (AUTHOR), Ensafi, Mahnaz1,2 (AUTHOR), Bagheri, Ehsan1 (AUTHOR), Schmidt, Carl2 (AUTHOR), Dulik, Jeff2 (AUTHOR), Guo, Shengmin1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2482. 19p. |
| Subjects: | Inconel, Microstructure, Friction stir processing, Tensile tests, Grain refinement, Anisotropy, Recrystallization (Metallurgy), Mechanical efficiency |
| Abstract: | Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is a solid-state additive manufacturing process that enables the fabrication of fully dense metallic components without common fusion-related defects. Inconel 718, widely used in aerospace and energy sectors, requires high structural reliability; therefore, evaluating its response to AFSD is essential for advanced applications. This study investigates the effects of AFSD on IN718 by comparing the mechanical properties and microstructure of the as-deposited material with the feedstock condition. Tensile testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased by 5% along the traverse direction, whereas elongation was reduced compared to the feedstock. In contrast, build-direction tensile specimens exhibited lower UTS and substantially reduced elongation, revealing mechanical anisotropy. Microhardness increased by 20%, consistent with substantial grain refinement from 11 µm to 3 µm due to dynamic recrystallization during deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed no clearly detectable secondary phase formation after AFSD within the resolution limits of conventional XRD, suggesting that the increased hardness and traverse-direction strength can be partly explained by grain refinement. Elemental mapping detected oxygen-enriched Al/Ti regions at interlayer boundaries, which may contribute to the reduced build-direction ductility. Overall, AFSD refined the microstructure, enhanced hardness, and improved traverse-direction strength, while build-direction tensile testing revealed anisotropic mechanical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is a solid-state additive manufacturing process that enables the fabrication of fully dense metallic components without common fusion-related defects. Inconel 718, widely used in aerospace and energy sectors, requires high structural reliability; therefore, evaluating its response to AFSD is essential for advanced applications. This study investigates the effects of AFSD on IN718 by comparing the mechanical properties and microstructure of the as-deposited material with the feedstock condition. Tensile testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased by 5% along the traverse direction, whereas elongation was reduced compared to the feedstock. In contrast, build-direction tensile specimens exhibited lower UTS and substantially reduced elongation, revealing mechanical anisotropy. Microhardness increased by 20%, consistent with substantial grain refinement from 11 µm to 3 µm due to dynamic recrystallization during deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed no clearly detectable secondary phase formation after AFSD within the resolution limits of conventional XRD, suggesting that the increased hardness and traverse-direction strength can be partly explained by grain refinement. Elemental mapping detected oxygen-enriched Al/Ti regions at interlayer boundaries, which may contribute to the reduced build-direction ductility. Overall, AFSD refined the microstructure, enhanced hardness, and improved traverse-direction strength, while build-direction tensile testing revealed anisotropic mechanical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 19961944 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ma19122482 |
