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Modeling of Unoriented Dendritic Grain Structures in Hard–Soft Magnetic Composites.

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Title: Modeling of Unoriented Dendritic Grain Structures in Hard–Soft Magnetic Composites.
Authors: Ziółkowski, Grzegorz1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2547. 17p.
Subjects: Dendritic crystals, Magnetization reversal, Magnetic anisotropy, Coercive fields (Electronics), Soft magnetic materials, Monte Carlo method
Abstract: This paper investigates the magnetization reversal processes in spring-exchange magnetic composites featuring irregular, dendritic structures. A disorder-based cluster Monte Carlo method combined with a Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (DLA) algorithm was used to model a fractal-like soft magnetic phase (Fe) embedded in a high-coercivity hard matrix (Fe-Nb-B-Dy). A multiparameter analysis was performed by varying the soft phase volume fraction (10–30%), intergrain exchange coupling via contact bridges (25–100%), system scale factors (1–20), surface-to-volume anisotropy ratios (KS/KV = 1–20), and the degree of random anisotropy contribution (RAC = 0–100%). The simulations reveal that highly branched fractal structures enhance the interfacial contact area, which accelerates the nucleation of domain reversal driven by the soft phase, paradoxically lowering the overall coercivity compared to compact morphologies. Furthermore, a lack of easy magnetization axis coherent alignment triggers a cascading reversal mechanism through local "weak links", severely degrading the coercive field from approximately 4.2 T to below 0.4 T in extreme cases (at 30% Fe, 25% coupling and high KS/KV ratio). These findings suggest potentially the most important factors and their impact that should be taken into account in the design and optimization of next-generation powder-sintered permanent magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Modeling of Unoriented Dendritic Grain Structures in Hard–Soft Magnetic Composites.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2547. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dendritic+crystals%22">Dendritic crystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetization+reversal%22">Magnetization reversal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+anisotropy%22">Magnetic anisotropy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coercive+fields+%28Electronics%29%22">Coercive fields (Electronics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soft+magnetic+materials%22">Soft magnetic materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Monte+Carlo+method%22">Monte Carlo method</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This paper investigates the magnetization reversal processes in spring-exchange magnetic composites featuring irregular, dendritic structures. A disorder-based cluster Monte Carlo method combined with a Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (DLA) algorithm was used to model a fractal-like soft magnetic phase (Fe) embedded in a high-coercivity hard matrix (Fe-Nb-B-Dy). A multiparameter analysis was performed by varying the soft phase volume fraction (10–30%), intergrain exchange coupling via contact bridges (25–100%), system scale factors (1–20), surface-to-volume anisotropy ratios (KS/KV = 1–20), and the degree of random anisotropy contribution (RAC = 0–100%). The simulations reveal that highly branched fractal structures enhance the interfacial contact area, which accelerates the nucleation of domain reversal driven by the soft phase, paradoxically lowering the overall coercivity compared to compact morphologies. Furthermore, a lack of easy magnetization axis coherent alignment triggers a cascading reversal mechanism through local "weak links", severely degrading the coercive field from approximately 4.2 T to below 0.4 T in extreme cases (at 30% Fe, 25% coupling and high KS/KV ratio). These findings suggest potentially the most important factors and their impact that should be taken into account in the design and optimization of next-generation powder-sintered permanent magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19122547
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 2547
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      – SubjectFull: Dendritic crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetization reversal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic anisotropy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coercive fields (Electronics)
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      – SubjectFull: Soft magnetic materials
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      – SubjectFull: Monte Carlo method
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Modeling of Unoriented Dendritic Grain Structures in Hard–Soft Magnetic Composites.
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              Text: Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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