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Phase-controlled synthesis of Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics: Deciphering the impact of evaporation and temperature on mechanical-biological synergy.

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Title: Phase-controlled synthesis of Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics: Deciphering the impact of evaporation and temperature on mechanical-biological synergy.
Authors: Yang, Yu-Tong1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Sin-Jhang1,2 (AUTHOR), Tseng, Yu-Sheng1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Wen-Fan1 (AUTHOR) sallychen@imst.nsysu.edu.tw
Source: Ceramics International. Jul2026, Vol. 52 Issue 18, p34011-34024. 14p.
Subjects: Diopside, Tissue engineering, Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: This study systematically engineers Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics with tunable phase compositions by modulating synthesis temperature and evaporation kinetics. A controllable framework to transition from single-phase diopside (D) to multi-phase systems incorporating akermanite (DA) and merwinite (DAM) was established. The results demonstrate that pure diopside ensures superior mechanical integrity with a high hardness of 2918 ± 89 MPa and low porosity (6.29 ± 1.01%). Strategically incorporating secondary phases allows for fine-tuning degradation; notably, dual-phase DA ceramics maintained robust structural stability with a low hardness reduction rate of 11.6% after 28-day SBF immersion, while exhibiting superior bioactivity with 5-10 μm HAp clusters completely masking the substrate. In contrast, rapid ion release from DAM groups favored amorphous precursors, hindering mature HAp crystallization. Biological assays with MC3T3-E1 cells confirmed that D and DA groups supported over 70% viability and significantly enhanced late-stage mineralization compared to the control. This research provides a definitive phase-distribution map, offering a precise guide for fabricating bioceramic scaffolds that balance high densification with optimized osteoinductive performance for bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:This study systematically engineers Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics with tunable phase compositions by modulating synthesis temperature and evaporation kinetics. A controllable framework to transition from single-phase diopside (D) to multi-phase systems incorporating akermanite (DA) and merwinite (DAM) was established. The results demonstrate that pure diopside ensures superior mechanical integrity with a high hardness of 2918 ± 89 MPa and low porosity (6.29 ± 1.01%). Strategically incorporating secondary phases allows for fine-tuning degradation; notably, dual-phase DA ceramics maintained robust structural stability with a low hardness reduction rate of 11.6% after 28-day SBF immersion, while exhibiting superior bioactivity with 5-10 μm HAp clusters completely masking the substrate. In contrast, rapid ion release from DAM groups favored amorphous precursors, hindering mature HAp crystallization. Biological assays with MC3T3-E1 cells confirmed that D and DA groups supported over 70% viability and significantly enhanced late-stage mineralization compared to the control. This research provides a definitive phase-distribution map, offering a precise guide for fabricating bioceramic scaffolds that balance high densification with optimized osteoinductive performance for bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02728842
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.05.432