Sustainable electrode materials from biowaste: a comprehensive review for supercapacitor applications.
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| Title: | Sustainable electrode materials from biowaste: a comprehensive review for supercapacitor applications. |
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| Authors: | Podder, Jiban1 (AUTHOR) jip557@mail.usask.ca, Agarwal, Madhu2 (AUTHOR), Kandregula, Yesu Ramya1 (AUTHOR), Dalai, Ajay K.1 (AUTHOR) ajay.dalai@usask.ca |
| Source: | Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. Jul2026, Vol. 30 Issue 7, p2405-2431. 27p. |
| Subjects: | Carbon electrodes, Agricultural wastes, Energy storage, Carbon-based materials, Supercapacitors, Supercapacitor performance |
| Abstract: | Biomass-derived electrode materials have attracted considerable interest owing to their natural abundance, renewability, low cost, strong chemical and thermal resilience, minimal environmental impact and the ability to tailor their structural properties for targeted applications. Agricultural waste, lignocellulosic materials, and biopolymers are widely explored for producing high-performance carbon-based electrodes. Biomass-derived carbons show surface areas from ~ 200 to over 4000 m²/g, specific capacitances from ~ 50 to over 500 F/g, and energy densities typically ranging from ~ 10 to ~ 50 Wh/kg, though some exceptional materials can reach much higher values, depending heavily on the biomass source, activation methods, and pore structure, with higher areas generally boosting capacitance and energy density. The structural, chemical composition, morphological, and electrochemical measurements for jute carbon are explored in detail. The prepared active jute carbon exhibits high surface area of 1, 903.48 m²/g and high charge storage capacity with a specific capacitance of 346.00 F/g in 6 M KOH at a current density of 1.0 A/g; and shows excellent cyclic stability (the capacity retention ~ 96%) over 10, 000 cycles). Various biomass sources, including banana peel, tea residues, coconut shells, jackfruit peel, and animal-derived by-products, are discussed alongside current challenges in scalability, consistency, and integration into commercial devices. Future directions focus on optimizing structure and sustainability for next-generation energy storage systems. Highlights: Utilization of agricultural residues such as banana peels, tea waste, coconut shells, jackfruit peels, etc., as eco-friendly route for energy storage and promoting waste valorization. Interconnected pore structures and surface functional groups that enhances ion transport, wettability, and active site availability, thereby improving capacitance and energy density. Biomass-derived activated carbon with aqueous electrolytes provides a green, cost-effective alternative to conventional EDLCs and batteries, reducing environmental impact. Future-oriented perspective on scalability, hybrid systems, and commercialization challenges, positioning biomass-based carbon electrodes as a key enabler for next-generation energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
| Abstract: | Biomass-derived electrode materials have attracted considerable interest owing to their natural abundance, renewability, low cost, strong chemical and thermal resilience, minimal environmental impact and the ability to tailor their structural properties for targeted applications. Agricultural waste, lignocellulosic materials, and biopolymers are widely explored for producing high-performance carbon-based electrodes. Biomass-derived carbons show surface areas from ~ 200 to over 4000 m²/g, specific capacitances from ~ 50 to over 500 F/g, and energy densities typically ranging from ~ 10 to ~ 50 Wh/kg, though some exceptional materials can reach much higher values, depending heavily on the biomass source, activation methods, and pore structure, with higher areas generally boosting capacitance and energy density. The structural, chemical composition, morphological, and electrochemical measurements for jute carbon are explored in detail. The prepared active jute carbon exhibits high surface area of 1, 903.48 m²/g and high charge storage capacity with a specific capacitance of 346.00 F/g in 6 M KOH at a current density of 1.0 A/g; and shows excellent cyclic stability (the capacity retention ~ 96%) over 10, 000 cycles). Various biomass sources, including banana peel, tea residues, coconut shells, jackfruit peel, and animal-derived by-products, are discussed alongside current challenges in scalability, consistency, and integration into commercial devices. Future directions focus on optimizing structure and sustainability for next-generation energy storage systems. Highlights: Utilization of agricultural residues such as banana peels, tea waste, coconut shells, jackfruit peels, etc., as eco-friendly route for energy storage and promoting waste valorization. Interconnected pore structures and surface functional groups that enhances ion transport, wettability, and active site availability, thereby improving capacitance and energy density. Biomass-derived activated carbon with aqueous electrolytes provides a green, cost-effective alternative to conventional EDLCs and batteries, reducing environmental impact. Future-oriented perspective on scalability, hybrid systems, and commercialization challenges, positioning biomass-based carbon electrodes as a key enabler for next-generation energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 14328488 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10008-026-06551-x |
