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Ionospheric disturbances observed over Japanese and Indian region following the Tonga islands volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022.

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Title: Ionospheric disturbances observed over Japanese and Indian region following the Tonga islands volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022.
Authors: Bhardwaj, Arti1,2 (AUTHOR), Ahmed, Qadeer1,2 (AUTHOR), Singh, Anshul1,2 (AUTHOR), Gupta, Ankit1,2 (AUTHOR), Rawat, Aastha1,2 (AUTHOR), Goel, Puja3 (AUTHOR), Vichare, Geeta4 (AUTHOR), Upadhayaya, Arun Kumar1,2 (AUTHOR) upadhayayaak@nplindia.res.in
Source: Advances in Space Research. Aug2026, Vol. 78 Issue 3, p2559-2581. 23p.
Subjects: Ionospheric disturbances, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption & Tsunami, 2022, Total electron content (Atmosphere), Geomagnetic variations, Volcanic eruptions, Ionosphere
Geographic Terms: Tonga, Okinawa Island (Japan)
Abstract: Impact of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (20.55°N, −175.39°E) volcanic eruption on the Japanese and Indian ionospheric regions is investigated. The analysis is conducted by examining Ionosonde observations from Japanese stations, namely Okinawa, Yamagawa, Kokubunji, and Wakkanai respectively, GPS-derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) data from two Indian IGS stations—IISC Bengaluru and Hyderabad and Magnetometer observations. Perceptible ionospheric perturbations, attributable to this eruption, manifest as critical frequency (f o F 2) enhancements and depressions, leading to variations in peak electron density exceedingly as much as 500%, as observed at Okinawa, when compared to an otherwise normal magnetically quiet time ionosphere. Moreover, a strong afternoon Counter Electrojet (CEJ) in the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field is observed approximately eight hours after the eruption event. Furthermore, our observations include the identification of Y-forking/splitting patterns in ionograms, considered as manifestations of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs), in addition to 3–17 days dominant periodicities in ionospheric disturbances following the eruption. Further, we identify the influence of other possible ionospheric drivers in the observed ionospheric perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 195145955
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  Data: Ionospheric disturbances observed over Japanese and Indian region following the Tonga islands volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhardwaj%2C+Arti%22">Bhardwaj, Arti</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmed%2C+Qadeer%22">Ahmed, Qadeer</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Anshul%22">Singh, Anshul</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gupta%2C+Ankit%22">Gupta, Ankit</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rawat%2C+Aastha%22">Rawat, Aastha</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goel%2C+Puja%22">Goel, Puja</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vichare%2C+Geeta%22">Vichare, Geeta</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Upadhayaya%2C+Arun+Kumar%22">Upadhayaya, Arun Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> upadhayayaak@nplindia.res.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Space+Research%22">Advances in Space Research</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 78 Issue 3, p2559-2581. 23p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionospheric+disturbances%22">Ionospheric disturbances</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hunga+Tonga-Hunga+Ha'apai+Eruption+%26+Tsunami%2C+2022%22">Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption & Tsunami, 2022</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Total+electron+content+%28Atmosphere%29%22">Total electron content (Atmosphere)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geomagnetic+variations%22">Geomagnetic variations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+eruptions%22">Volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionosphere%22">Ionosphere</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tonga%22">Tonga</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Okinawa+Island+%28Japan%29%22">Okinawa Island (Japan)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Impact of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (20.55°N, −175.39°E) volcanic eruption on the Japanese and Indian ionospheric regions is investigated. The analysis is conducted by examining Ionosonde observations from Japanese stations, namely Okinawa, Yamagawa, Kokubunji, and Wakkanai respectively, GPS-derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) data from two Indian IGS stations—IISC Bengaluru and Hyderabad and Magnetometer observations. Perceptible ionospheric perturbations, attributable to this eruption, manifest as critical frequency (f o F 2) enhancements and depressions, leading to variations in peak electron density exceedingly as much as 500%, as observed at Okinawa, when compared to an otherwise normal magnetically quiet time ionosphere. Moreover, a strong afternoon Counter Electrojet (CEJ) in the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field is observed approximately eight hours after the eruption event. Furthermore, our observations include the identification of Y-forking/splitting patterns in ionograms, considered as manifestations of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs), in addition to 3–17 days dominant periodicities in ionospheric disturbances following the eruption. Further, we identify the influence of other possible ionospheric drivers in the observed ionospheric perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.122
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 2559
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ionospheric disturbances
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption & Tsunami, 2022
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Total electron content (Atmosphere)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geomagnetic variations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Volcanic eruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ionosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tonga
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Okinawa Island (Japan)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Ionospheric disturbances observed over Japanese and Indian region following the Tonga islands volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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