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Evaluation of multiaxial fatigue parameters for correlating pipe weld test data with different out-of-phase angles.

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Title: Evaluation of multiaxial fatigue parameters for correlating pipe weld test data with different out-of-phase angles.
Authors: Larkin, Tara1,2 (AUTHOR) telarkin@umich.edu, Dong, Pingsha1 (AUTHOR) dongp@umich.edu
Source: International Journal of Fatigue. Nov2026, Vol. 212, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Welded joints, Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Finite element method, Material fatigue
Abstract: Welded structures are often subject to multiaxial stress states, which complicate fatigue design. Current industry approaches commonly use interaction equations to combine normal and shear stresses. It has been shown that these interaction equations exhibit limited consistency and transferability of fatigue life predictions across varying joint geometries and loading conditions. This study evaluates the interaction equation-based approaches against the recently developed Path Dependent Maximum Range (PDMR) method using recently published multiaxial fatigue data for a pipe girth weld under proportional and non-proportional loading, including intermediate phase angles. To obtain the mesh-insensitive structural stress inputs used by PDMR, the nodal force method is reformulated for geometrically axisymmetric finite element models under axial and torsional loading, enabling stress evaluation using two-dimensional models. Based on these structural stresses, PDMR quantifies non-proportional loading effects through a load path-length based definition on the σ − τ plane, and considers bending-ratio and thickness effects through the equivalent structural stress parameterization. This allows direct comparison against the ASME Master S–N Curve and its scatter band. Results show that the multiaxial girth weld test data fall within the ASME Master S–N Curve scatter band once the PDMR method is used. • Interaction equations in major codes and standards are evaluated for their ability to correlate recent test data. • A simple and effective mesh-insensitive method is introduced for characterizing stress concentration in pipe girth welds. • This study shows that Path Dependent Maximum Range (PDMR) is effective and offers transferability under general multiaxial loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Welded structures are often subject to multiaxial stress states, which complicate fatigue design. Current industry approaches commonly use interaction equations to combine normal and shear stresses. It has been shown that these interaction equations exhibit limited consistency and transferability of fatigue life predictions across varying joint geometries and loading conditions. This study evaluates the interaction equation-based approaches against the recently developed Path Dependent Maximum Range (PDMR) method using recently published multiaxial fatigue data for a pipe girth weld under proportional and non-proportional loading, including intermediate phase angles. To obtain the mesh-insensitive structural stress inputs used by PDMR, the nodal force method is reformulated for geometrically axisymmetric finite element models under axial and torsional loading, enabling stress evaluation using two-dimensional models. Based on these structural stresses, PDMR quantifies non-proportional loading effects through a load path-length based definition on the σ − τ plane, and considers bending-ratio and thickness effects through the equivalent structural stress parameterization. This allows direct comparison against the ASME Master S–N Curve and its scatter band. Results show that the multiaxial girth weld test data fall within the ASME Master S–N Curve scatter band once the PDMR method is used. • Interaction equations in major codes and standards are evaluated for their ability to correlate recent test data. • A simple and effective mesh-insensitive method is introduced for characterizing stress concentration in pipe girth welds. • This study shows that Path Dependent Maximum Range (PDMR) is effective and offers transferability under general multiaxial loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01421123
DOI:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2026.109824