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Integrating PSUM-based uncertainty modeling into SysML v2.

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Title: Integrating PSUM-based uncertainty modeling into SysML v2.
Authors: Zhang, Man1 (AUTHOR) manzhang@buaa.edu.cn, Li, Yunyang1 (AUTHOR) liyunyang@buaa.edu.cn, Yue, Tao1 (AUTHOR) yuetao@buaa.edu.cn
Source: Software & Systems Modeling. Oct2026, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p1387-1421. 35p.
Subjects: Semantics, Engineering models, Stochastic models, System analysis
Abstract: Uncertainty is inherent in modern engineered systems, including cyber-physical systems, autonomous systems, and large-scale software-intensive infrastructures (such as microservice-based systems) operating in dynamic and partially observable environments. The recent publication of Precise Semantics for Uncertainty Modeling (PSUM) by the Object Management Group represents the first standardized specification for uncertainty modeling within the Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) community, providing formally defined semantics for representing and reasoning about uncertainty in models. In parallel, the second version of Systems Modeling Language (SysML v2) was released as the next-generation systems modeling language, offering improved semantic rigor and reusability, yet lacking native constructs aligned with PSUM for first-class uncertainty representation. This paper proposes a systematic extension of SysML v2, named PSUM-SysMLv2, which incorporates the PSUM metamodel into SysML v2. The extension is intended to enable explicit specification of indeterminacy sources, structured characterization of uncertainties, while preserving conformance with SysML v2 syntax and semantics. With seven case studies, we evaluate PSUM-SysMLv2 from three aspects: completeness, expressiveness and applicability. Results demonstrate that PSUM-SysMLv2 is expressive and applicable in modeling uncertainties along with various SysML v2 elements and across several application domains, and potentially facilitate uncertainty propagation analysis. In addition, we propose a methodology that guides users in applying PSUM-SysMLv2, and develop two realization approaches of PSUM-SysMLv2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:Uncertainty is inherent in modern engineered systems, including cyber-physical systems, autonomous systems, and large-scale software-intensive infrastructures (such as microservice-based systems) operating in dynamic and partially observable environments. The recent publication of Precise Semantics for Uncertainty Modeling (PSUM) by the Object Management Group represents the first standardized specification for uncertainty modeling within the Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) community, providing formally defined semantics for representing and reasoning about uncertainty in models. In parallel, the second version of Systems Modeling Language (SysML v2) was released as the next-generation systems modeling language, offering improved semantic rigor and reusability, yet lacking native constructs aligned with PSUM for first-class uncertainty representation. This paper proposes a systematic extension of SysML v2, named PSUM-SysMLv2, which incorporates the PSUM metamodel into SysML v2. The extension is intended to enable explicit specification of indeterminacy sources, structured characterization of uncertainties, while preserving conformance with SysML v2 syntax and semantics. With seven case studies, we evaluate PSUM-SysMLv2 from three aspects: completeness, expressiveness and applicability. Results demonstrate that PSUM-SysMLv2 is expressive and applicable in modeling uncertainties along with various SysML v2 elements and across several application domains, and potentially facilitate uncertainty propagation analysis. In addition, we propose a methodology that guides users in applying PSUM-SysMLv2, and develop two realization approaches of PSUM-SysMLv2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:16191366
DOI:10.1007/s10270-026-01407-4