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Hypervelocity capture of particles in aerogel: Dependence on aerogel properties

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Title: Hypervelocity capture of particles in aerogel: Dependence on aerogel properties
Authors: Burchell, M.J. M.J.Burchell@kent.ac.uk, Fairey, S.A.J.1, Foster, N.J.1, Cole, M.J.1
Source: Planetary & Space Science. Jan2009, Vol. 57 Issue 1, p58-70. 13p.
Subjects: Aerogels, Particles, Hypervelocity, Atmospheric temperature, Cosmic dust, Space environment
Abstract: Abstract: Capture of high-speed (hypervelocity) particles in aerogel at ambient temperatures of 175–763K is reported. This extends previous work which has mostly focussed on conducting experiments at ambient laboratory temperatures, even though aerogels are intended for use in cosmic dust capture cells in space environments which may experience a range of temperatures (e.g., the NASA Stardust mission which collected dust at 1.81AU and putative Mars atmospheric sampling missions). No significant change in track length (normalised to impactor size) was found over the range 175–600K, although at 763K a significant reduction (30%) was found. By contrast, entrance hole diameter remained constant only up to 400K, above this sudden changes of up to 50% were observed. Experiments were also carried out at normal laboratory temperature using a wide range of aerogel densities and particle sizes. It was found that track length normalised to particle size varies inversely with aerogel density. This is a power law dependence and not linear as previously reported, with longer tracks at lower densities. Glass projectiles (up to 100μm size) were found to undergo a variety of degrees of damage during capture. In addition to the well known acquisition of a coating (partial or complete) of molten aerogel the mechanical damage includes pitting and meridian fractures. Larger (500μm diameter) stainless steel spheres also showed damage during capture. In this case melting and ablation occurs, suggesting surficial temperatures during impact in excess of 1400°C. The response of the aerogel itself to passage of particles through it is reported. The presence of fan-like fractures around the tracks is attributed to cone cracking similar to that in glasses of normal density, with the difference that here it is a repetitive process as the particles pass through the aerogel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 36192999
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Hypervelocity capture of particles in aerogel: Dependence on aerogel properties
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burchell%2C+M%2EJ%2E%22">Burchell, M.J.</searchLink><i> M.J.Burchell@kent.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fairey%2C+S%2EA%2EJ%2E%22">Fairey, S.A.J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foster%2C+N%2EJ%2E%22">Foster, N.J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cole%2C+M%2EJ%2E%22">Cole, M.J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerogels%22">Aerogels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particles%22">Particles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypervelocity%22">Hypervelocity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+temperature%22">Atmospheric temperature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cosmic+dust%22">Cosmic dust</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+environment%22">Space environment</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: Capture of high-speed (hypervelocity) particles in aerogel at ambient temperatures of 175–763K is reported. This extends previous work which has mostly focussed on conducting experiments at ambient laboratory temperatures, even though aerogels are intended for use in cosmic dust capture cells in space environments which may experience a range of temperatures (e.g., the NASA Stardust mission which collected dust at 1.81AU and putative Mars atmospheric sampling missions). No significant change in track length (normalised to impactor size) was found over the range 175–600K, although at 763K a significant reduction (30%) was found. By contrast, entrance hole diameter remained constant only up to 400K, above this sudden changes of up to 50% were observed. Experiments were also carried out at normal laboratory temperature using a wide range of aerogel densities and particle sizes. It was found that track length normalised to particle size varies inversely with aerogel density. This is a power law dependence and not linear as previously reported, with longer tracks at lower densities. Glass projectiles (up to 100μm size) were found to undergo a variety of degrees of damage during capture. In addition to the well known acquisition of a coating (partial or complete) of molten aerogel the mechanical damage includes pitting and meridian fractures. Larger (500μm diameter) stainless steel spheres also showed damage during capture. In this case melting and ablation occurs, suggesting surficial temperatures during impact in excess of 1400°C. The response of the aerogel itself to passage of particles through it is reported. The presence of fan-like fractures around the tracks is attributed to cone cracking similar to that in glasses of normal density, with the difference that here it is a repetitive process as the particles pass through the aerogel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric temperature
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              Text: Jan2009
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