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Toward Improved Validation of Satellite Sea Surface Skin Temperature Measurements for Climate Research.

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Title: Toward Improved Validation of Satellite Sea Surface Skin Temperature Measurements for Climate Research.
Authors: Donlon, C. J., Minnett, P. J., Gentemann, C., Nightingale, T. J., Barton, I. J., Ward, B., Murray, M. J.
Source: Journal of Climate. Feb2002, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p353. 17p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 2 Maps.
Subjects: Ocean temperature, Radiometers, Measurement
Abstract: A poor validation strategy will compromise the quality of satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) products because confidence limits cannot be quantified. This paper addresses the question of how to provide the best operational strategy to validate satellite-derived skin sea surface temperature (SST[sub skin] ) measurements. High quality in situ observations obtained using different state-of-the-art infrared radiometer systems are used to characterize the relationship between the SST[sub skin] , the subsurface SST at depth (SST[sub depth] ), and the surface wind speed. Data are presented for different oceans and seasons. These data indicate that above a wind speed of approximately 6 m s[sup -1] the relationship between the SST[sub skin] and SST[sub depth] , is well characterized for both day- and nighttime conditions by a cool bias of -0.17 ± 0.07 K rms. At lower wind speeds, stratification of the upper-ocean layers during the day may complicate the relationship, while at night a cooler skin is normally observed. Based on these observations, a long-term global satellite SST[sub skin] validation strategy is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the use of autonomous, ship-of-opportunity radiometer systems for areas characterized by prevailing low–wind speed conditions. For areas characterized by higher wind speed regimes, well-calibrated, quality-controlled, ship and buoy SST[sub depth] observations, corrected for a cool skin bias, should also be used. It is foreseen that SST[sub depth] data will provide the majority of in situ validation data required for operational satellite SST validation. We test the strategy using SST[sub skin] observations from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer, which are shown to be accurate to approximately 0.2 K in the tropical Pacific Ocean, and using measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. We note that this strategy provides for robust retrospective calibration and validation of satellite ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Toward Improved Validation of Satellite Sea Surface Skin Temperature Measurements for Climate Research.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Climate%22">Journal of Climate</searchLink>. Feb2002, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p353. 17p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 2 Maps.
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  Data: A poor validation strategy will compromise the quality of satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) products because confidence limits cannot be quantified. This paper addresses the question of how to provide the best operational strategy to validate satellite-derived skin sea surface temperature (SST[sub skin] ) measurements. High quality in situ observations obtained using different state-of-the-art infrared radiometer systems are used to characterize the relationship between the SST[sub skin] , the subsurface SST at depth (SST[sub depth] ), and the surface wind speed. Data are presented for different oceans and seasons. These data indicate that above a wind speed of approximately 6 m s[sup -1] the relationship between the SST[sub skin] and SST[sub depth] , is well characterized for both day- and nighttime conditions by a cool bias of -0.17 ± 0.07 K rms. At lower wind speeds, stratification of the upper-ocean layers during the day may complicate the relationship, while at night a cooler skin is normally observed. Based on these observations, a long-term global satellite SST[sub skin] validation strategy is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the use of autonomous, ship-of-opportunity radiometer systems for areas characterized by prevailing low–wind speed conditions. For areas characterized by higher wind speed regimes, well-calibrated, quality-controlled, ship and buoy SST[sub depth] observations, corrected for a cool skin bias, should also be used. It is foreseen that SST[sub depth] data will provide the majority of in situ validation data required for operational satellite SST validation. We test the strategy using SST[sub skin] observations from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer, which are shown to be accurate to approximately 0.2 K in the tropical Pacific Ocean, and using measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. We note that this strategy provides for robust retrospective calibration and validation of satellite ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0353:TIVOSS>2.0.CO;2
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        Text: English
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