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Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes.

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Title: Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes.
Authors: Achilli, Alessandro1 alessandro.achilli@unipg.it, Perego, Ugo A.2,3, Lancioni, Hovirag1, Olivieri, Anna2, Gandini, Francesca2, Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak2, Battaglia, Vincenza2, Grugni, Viola2, Angerhofer, Norman3, Rogers, Mary P.4, Herrera, Rene J.5, Woodward, Scott R.3,6, Labuda, Damian7, Smith, David Glenn8, Cybulski, Jerome S.9, Semino, Ornella2, Malhi, Ripan S.4,10, Torroni, Antonio2 antonio.torroni@unipv.it
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 8/27/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 35, p14308-14313. 6p.
Subjects: Genetic markers, Phylogeography, Paleo-Eskimos, Last Glacial Maximum
Geographic Terms: North America
Abstract: In this study we evaluated migration models to the Americas by using the information contained in native mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from North America. Molecular and phylogeographic analyses of B2a mitogenomes, which are absent in Eskimo–Aleut and northern Na-Dene speakers, revealed that this haplogroup arose in North America ∼11–13 ka from one of the founder Paleo-Indian B2 mitogenomes. In contrast, haplogroup A2a, which is typical of Eskimo–Aleuts and Na-Dene, but also present in the easternmost Siberian groups, originated only 4–7 ka in Alaska, led to the first Paleo-Eskimo settlement of northern Canada and Greenland, and contributed to the formation of the Na-Dene gene pool. However, mitogenomes also show that Amerindians from northern North America, without any distinction between Na-Dene and non–Na-Dene, were heavily affected by an additional and distinctive Beringian genetic input. In conclusion, most mtDNA variation (along the double-continent) stems from the first wave from Beringia, which followed the Pacific coastal route. This was accompanied or followed by a second inland migratory event, marked by haplogroups X2a and C4c, which affected all Amerindian groups of Northern North America. Much later, the ancestral A2a carriers spread from Alaska, undertaking both a westward migration to Asia and an eastward expansion into the circumpolar regions of Canada. Thus, the first American founders left the greatest genetic mark but the original maternal makeup of North American Natives was subsequently reshaped by additional streams of gene flow and local population dynamics, making a three-wave view too simplistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Achilli%2C+Alessandro%22">Achilli, Alessandro</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> alessandro.achilli@unipg.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perego%2C+Ugo+A%2E%22">Perego, Ugo A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lancioni%2C+Hovirag%22">Lancioni, Hovirag</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Olivieri%2C+Anna%22">Olivieri, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gandini%2C+Francesca%22">Gandini, Francesca</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hooshiar+Kashani%2C+Baharak%22">Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Battaglia%2C+Vincenza%22">Battaglia, Vincenza</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grugni%2C+Viola%22">Grugni, Viola</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Angerhofer%2C+Norman%22">Angerhofer, Norman</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rogers%2C+Mary+P%2E%22">Rogers, Mary P.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Herrera%2C+Rene+J%2E%22">Herrera, Rene J.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Woodward%2C+Scott+R%2E%22">Woodward, Scott R.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Labuda%2C+Damian%22">Labuda, Damian</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smith%2C+David+Glenn%22">Smith, David Glenn</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cybulski%2C+Jerome+S%2E%22">Cybulski, Jerome S.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Semino%2C+Ornella%22">Semino, Ornella</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malhi%2C+Ripan+S%2E%22">Malhi, Ripan S.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torroni%2C+Antonio%22">Torroni, Antonio</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> antonio.torroni@unipv.it</i>
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  Data: In this study we evaluated migration models to the Americas by using the information contained in native mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from North America. Molecular and phylogeographic analyses of B2a mitogenomes, which are absent in Eskimo–Aleut and northern Na-Dene speakers, revealed that this haplogroup arose in North America ∼11–13 ka from one of the founder Paleo-Indian B2 mitogenomes. In contrast, haplogroup A2a, which is typical of Eskimo–Aleuts and Na-Dene, but also present in the easternmost Siberian groups, originated only 4–7 ka in Alaska, led to the first Paleo-Eskimo settlement of northern Canada and Greenland, and contributed to the formation of the Na-Dene gene pool. However, mitogenomes also show that Amerindians from northern North America, without any distinction between Na-Dene and non–Na-Dene, were heavily affected by an additional and distinctive Beringian genetic input. In conclusion, most mtDNA variation (along the double-continent) stems from the first wave from Beringia, which followed the Pacific coastal route. This was accompanied or followed by a second inland migratory event, marked by haplogroups X2a and C4c, which affected all Amerindian groups of Northern North America. Much later, the ancestral A2a carriers spread from Alaska, undertaking both a westward migration to Asia and an eastward expansion into the circumpolar regions of Canada. Thus, the first American founders left the greatest genetic mark but the original maternal makeup of North American Natives was subsequently reshaped by additional streams of gene flow and local population dynamics, making a three-wave view too simplistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.1306290110
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phylogeography
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      – SubjectFull: Paleo-Eskimos
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      – SubjectFull: Last Glacial Maximum
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      – SubjectFull: North America
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