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Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Expanded: Factor Structure, Test-Retest Reliability, and Validity in Trauma-Exposed and Bereaved Adults.

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Title: Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Expanded: Factor Structure, Test-Retest Reliability, and Validity in Trauma-Exposed and Bereaved Adults.
Authors: Lee, Hwa Jung1, Lee, Dong Hun1 dhlawrence05@gmail.com, Lee, Deok Hee1, Kim, Ji Yun2
Source: Omega: Journal of Death & Dying. Nov2025, Vol. 92 Issue 1, p145-175. 31p.
Subject Terms: *Research methodology evaluation, *Psychological adaptation, *Research methodology, Cross-sectional method, Research funding, Self-efficacy, Research evaluation, Questionnaires, Posttraumatic growth, Bereavement, Emotional trauma, Psychometrics, Discriminant analysis
Geographic Terms: South Korea
Abstract: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change experienced after trauma and it has gained global recognition in recent years. The present study aimed to validate a South Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Expanded (K-PTGI-X) for use with trauma-exposed and bereaved samples. A national sample comprising South Korean adults was used for the analysis. As a result, the 4-factor bi-factor model was best supported in both the trauma and bereaved groups in terms of personal strength, new possibilities, spiritual–existential change, and being able to relate to others. Additionally, the K-PTGI-X showed satisfying reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. Lastly, regarding the group differences, women showed higher rates of PTG than men and the bereaved group exhibited higher spiritual and existential growth in the PTG than the trauma group. Given these results, implications for adaptation in various fields when assessing and encouraging PTG in practical settings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Omega: Journal of Death & Dying is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Expanded: Factor Structure, Test-Retest Reliability, and Validity in Trauma-Exposed and Bereaved Adults.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Omega%3A+Journal+of+Death+%26+Dying%22">Omega: Journal of Death & Dying</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 92 Issue 1, p145-175. 31p.
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  Data: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change experienced after trauma and it has gained global recognition in recent years. The present study aimed to validate a South Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Expanded (K-PTGI-X) for use with trauma-exposed and bereaved samples. A national sample comprising South Korean adults was used for the analysis. As a result, the 4-factor bi-factor model was best supported in both the trauma and bereaved groups in terms of personal strength, new possibilities, spiritual–existential change, and being able to relate to others. Additionally, the K-PTGI-X showed satisfying reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. Lastly, regarding the group differences, women showed higher rates of PTG than men and the bereaved group exhibited higher spiritual and existential growth in the PTG than the trauma group. Given these results, implications for adaptation in various fields when assessing and encouraging PTG in practical settings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Omega: Journal of Death & Dying is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1177/00302228231177847
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 31
        StartPage: 145
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological adaptation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-efficacy
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      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Posttraumatic growth
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bereavement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotional trauma
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Discriminant analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: South Korea
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Expanded: Factor Structure, Test-Retest Reliability, and Validity in Trauma-Exposed and Bereaved Adults.
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            NameFull: Lee, Hwa Jung
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            NameFull: Lee, Dong Hun
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            NameFull: Lee, Deok Hee
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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