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A Latent Class Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes and Beliefs: Results from a Community Survey Conducted Via the Chicagoland Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Program.

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Title: A Latent Class Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes and Beliefs: Results from a Community Survey Conducted Via the Chicagoland Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Program.
Authors: Vu, Milkie1 milkie.vu@northwestern.edu, Yeom, Jimin1, Trinh, Duy2, Gou, Jane1, Hong, Timothy1, Zaheeruddin, Marym1, Bishop-Royse, Jessica3, Hartstein, Madison4, Spring, Bonnie1, Moskowitz, David5, Doan, Anh1, Martin, Molly6
Source: Journal of Community Health. Oct2025, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p883-895. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Communities, *Confidence, *Attitude (Psychology), Scale analysis (Psychology), Health attitudes, Research funding, Patient safety, Vaccination, Evaluation of human services programs, Questionnaires, Vaccine effectiveness, Logistic regression analysis, Socioeconomic factors, COVID-19 vaccines, Structural equation modeling, Uncertainty, Odds ratio, Sociodemographic factors, Public health, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, COVID-19
Abstract: Background: In the U.S., responses to the rollout of COVID-19 vaccine varied widely, with contrasting perceptions of the vaccine. We aimed to characterize distinct groups of respondents regarding COVID-19 vaccine perceptions. Methods: Data came from the 2021–2023 Common Survey (n = 852), collected in Chicago using a community-based participatory approach focusing on communities with low COVID-19 vaccination. Participants answered eight questions about vaccine-related perceptions. We conducted a latent class analysis in R. Results: The sample included 623 female participants (73.1%), 482 Black participants (56.6%), 259 Hispanic/Latino(a) participants (30.4%), 26 Asian participants (3.1%), and 261 participants with a college degree (30.6%). In a four-class model, Class 1 (skeptic) included 153 participants (18.0%) with low confidence in vaccine safety, effectiveness, and potential to get life back to normal. Class 2 (uncertain) included 163 participants (19.1%) who mostly indicated uncertainty. Class 3 (support with concerns) included 266 participants (31.2%) who recognized many vaccine benefits but also had concerns about its rapid development and "not being studied in people like me." Class 4 (pro-vaccine) included 270 participants (31.7%) with high confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness and social approval of vaccination. Interestingly, both the skeptic and pro-vaccine groups had somewhat similar agreement with the statement "not enough information on COVID vaccine interaction." Class assignments varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Socioeconomic hardships were associated with a lower likelihood of being in the "pro-vaccine" group. Conclusions: Given the distinct classes of vaccine beliefs, tailored public health messaging is needed to enhance vaccine confidence and uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community Health is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Latent Class Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes and Beliefs: Results from a Community Survey Conducted Via the Chicagoland Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Program.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communities%22">Communities</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence%22">Confidence</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+%28Psychology%29%22">Attitude (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scale+analysis+%28Psychology%29%22">Scale analysis (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+attitudes%22">Health attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patient+safety%22">Patient safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vaccination%22">Vaccination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+of+human+services+programs%22">Evaluation of human services programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vaccine+effectiveness%22">Vaccine effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+vaccines%22">COVID-19 vaccines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Uncertainty%22">Uncertainty</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+health%22">Public health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: In the U.S., responses to the rollout of COVID-19 vaccine varied widely, with contrasting perceptions of the vaccine. We aimed to characterize distinct groups of respondents regarding COVID-19 vaccine perceptions. Methods: Data came from the 2021–2023 Common Survey (n = 852), collected in Chicago using a community-based participatory approach focusing on communities with low COVID-19 vaccination. Participants answered eight questions about vaccine-related perceptions. We conducted a latent class analysis in R. Results: The sample included 623 female participants (73.1%), 482 Black participants (56.6%), 259 Hispanic/Latino(a) participants (30.4%), 26 Asian participants (3.1%), and 261 participants with a college degree (30.6%). In a four-class model, Class 1 (skeptic) included 153 participants (18.0%) with low confidence in vaccine safety, effectiveness, and potential to get life back to normal. Class 2 (uncertain) included 163 participants (19.1%) who mostly indicated uncertainty. Class 3 (support with concerns) included 266 participants (31.2%) who recognized many vaccine benefits but also had concerns about its rapid development and "not being studied in people like me." Class 4 (pro-vaccine) included 270 participants (31.7%) with high confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness and social approval of vaccination. Interestingly, both the skeptic and pro-vaccine groups had somewhat similar agreement with the statement "not enough information on COVID vaccine interaction." Class assignments varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Socioeconomic hardships were associated with a lower likelihood of being in the "pro-vaccine" group. Conclusions: Given the distinct classes of vaccine beliefs, tailored public health messaging is needed to enhance vaccine confidence and uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Community Health is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10900-025-01472-8
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Communities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence
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      – SubjectFull: Attitude (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Scale analysis (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Health attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Patient safety
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      – SubjectFull: Vaccination
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      – SubjectFull: Evaluation of human services programs
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