View in EDS

Interpreting the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Validity Scales: Leveraging Population-Level Veteran Affairs (VA) Data From 2008 to 2024.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Interpreting the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Validity Scales: Leveraging Population-Level Veteran Affairs (VA) Data From 2008 to 2024.
Authors: Shura, Robert D.1,2,3 (AUTHOR) Robert.Shura2@va.gov, Ingram, Paul B.4 (AUTHOR), Schroeder, Ryan W.5 (AUTHOR), Armistead-Jehle, Patrick6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Assessment. Dec2025, Vol. 37 Issue 12, p671-684. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Data analysis, *Personality assessment, *Research methodology evaluation, *Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, *Research methodology, *Comparative studies, *Cognition, Psychiatric diagnosis, Cross-sectional method, Allied mental health personnel, Research funding, Questionnaires, Logistic regression analysis, Descriptive statistics, Health facility translating services, Psychology of veterans, Statistics, Electronic health records, Data analysis software, Standards
Geographic Terms: United States
Company/Entity: United States. Dept. of Veterans Affairs
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine base rates of invalidity and intercorrelations of validity scales on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in a population of U.S. veterans. All PAIs administered in the Veteran Affairs (N = 36,830) using mental health assistant through 03/2024 were pulled from the Veteran Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse. Basic demographic data and stop codes (codes identifying the type of clinic the measure was administered in) were also pulled. Base rates of invalidity on all known validity scales (N = 18) were calculated in general, cumulatively, and by stop code. Spearman's correlations were run to compare all validity scales to one another. Broadly, base rates were highest but variable for overreport scales (10.1%–29.9%), with underreport (0.4%–7.5%) and noncontent response (3.4%–4.5%) rates far lower. Large correlations were demonstrated among the various overreport scales, with the exception of Rogers Discriminant Function. Underreport scales were also highly correlated with each other, with the exception of Cashel's Discriminant Function. Elevations on noncontent response scales were uncommon across the sample. Underreport scales were also rare, save in the context of presurgical evaluations. Overreporting was highest in the disability clinics, lower across clinical assessment clinics, and lowest in the presurgical assessment clinic. Invalidity base rate patterns from this study were generally consistent with a prior study using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. Results highlight the importance of symptom validity assessment with veterans, most notable for overreporting in disability claims and underreporting in presurgical evaluations. Public Significance Statement: This study examines veterans' endorsement patterns on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) validity scales, utilizing every PAI administered within the Veteran Administration health care system and stored within the Corporate Data Warehouse (N = 36,830). Results indicate that veterans commonly score beyond established cutoffs on validity scales, especially those assessing exaggeration or overendorsement of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Assessment is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: ehh
DbLabel: Education Research Complete
An: 189940317
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Interpreting the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Validity Scales: Leveraging Population-Level Veteran Affairs (VA) Data From 2008 to 2024.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shura%2C+Robert+D%2E%22">Shura, Robert D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Robert.Shura2@va.gov</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ingram%2C+Paul+B%2E%22">Ingram, Paul B.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schroeder%2C+Ryan+W%2E%22">Schroeder, Ryan W.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Armistead-Jehle%2C+Patrick%22">Armistead-Jehle, Patrick</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Assessment%22">Psychological Assessment</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 37 Issue 12, p671-684. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personality+assessment%22">Personality assessment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology+evaluation%22">Research methodology evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Myers-Briggs+Type+Indicator%22">Myers-Briggs Type Indicator</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychiatric+diagnosis%22">Psychiatric diagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Allied+mental+health+personnel%22">Allied mental health personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+facility+translating+services%22">Health facility translating services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+veterans%22">Psychology of veterans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+health+records%22">Electronic health records</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standards%22">Standards</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectCompany
  Label: Company/Entity
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%2E+Dept%2E+of+Veterans+Affairs%22">United States. Dept. of Veterans Affairs</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The purpose of this study was to examine base rates of invalidity and intercorrelations of validity scales on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in a population of U.S. veterans. All PAIs administered in the Veteran Affairs (N = 36,830) using mental health assistant through 03/2024 were pulled from the Veteran Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse. Basic demographic data and stop codes (codes identifying the type of clinic the measure was administered in) were also pulled. Base rates of invalidity on all known validity scales (N = 18) were calculated in general, cumulatively, and by stop code. Spearman's correlations were run to compare all validity scales to one another. Broadly, base rates were highest but variable for overreport scales (10.1%–29.9%), with underreport (0.4%–7.5%) and noncontent response (3.4%–4.5%) rates far lower. Large correlations were demonstrated among the various overreport scales, with the exception of Rogers Discriminant Function. Underreport scales were also highly correlated with each other, with the exception of Cashel's Discriminant Function. Elevations on noncontent response scales were uncommon across the sample. Underreport scales were also rare, save in the context of presurgical evaluations. Overreporting was highest in the disability clinics, lower across clinical assessment clinics, and lowest in the presurgical assessment clinic. Invalidity base rate patterns from this study were generally consistent with a prior study using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. Results highlight the importance of symptom validity assessment with veterans, most notable for overreporting in disability claims and underreporting in presurgical evaluations. Public Significance Statement: This study examines veterans' endorsement patterns on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) validity scales, utilizing every PAI administered within the Veteran Administration health care system and stored within the Corporate Data Warehouse (N = 36,830). Results indicate that veterans commonly score beyond established cutoffs on validity scales, especially those assessing exaggeration or overendorsement of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Assessment is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=189940317
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1037/pas0001403
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 671
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychiatric diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Allied mental health personnel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health facility translating services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of veterans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electronic health records
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States. Dept. of Veterans Affairs
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Interpreting the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Validity Scales: Leveraging Population-Level Veteran Affairs (VA) Data From 2008 to 2024.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shura, Robert D.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ingram, Paul B.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Schroeder, Ryan W.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Armistead-Jehle, Patrick
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 10403590
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 37
            – Type: issue
              Value: 12
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Psychological Assessment
              Type: main
ResultId 1