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Primary sources in online history learning: enhancing engagement and retention.

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Title: Primary sources in online history learning: enhancing engagement and retention.
Authors: Fahruddin, Fahruddin1 (AUTHOR) fahruddin@upy.ac.id, Saefudin, Arif1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Cogent Education. Dec2025, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Student engagement, *History education, *Historical source material, *Virtual classrooms, *Education research, Scientific observation, Recollection (Psychology)
Geographic Terms: Yogyakarta (Indonesia), Indonesia
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of primary sources in enhancing student engagement and retention in online history learning. The research uses a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of integrating primary sources on student engagement and retention, involving 300 students from three high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: SMAN 1, SMAN 5, and SMAN 8. Data collection was conducted through Likert-scale surveys and focus group discussions. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics, ANOVA to examine differences in engagement levels, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate retention scores. The results showed that 90% of students at SMAN 1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, reported high satisfaction, while SMAN 5 and SMAN 8 showed satisfaction levels of 85% and 88%, respectively. ANOVA indicated significant differences in engagement (F = 8.76, p = 0.0002), with SMAN 1 scoring an average of 82, SMAN 8 scoring 80, and SMAN 5 scoring 78. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in retention (H = 21.36, p = 0.000023), with the highest median retention at SMAN 8 (77), followed by SMAN 1 (75), and SMAN 5 (72). These findings suggest that integrating primary sources significantly enhances student satisfaction, engagement, and retention in learning. This study provides new insights into the impact of authentic historical materials on student engagement and offers promising directions for developing more effective curricula. Furthermore, the study contributes to the global discourse on e-learning by demonstrating the value of primary sources in digital education, potentially guiding educational institutions worldwide in improving online history learning practices. PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT: This research shows good results in integrating primary sources in history learning as evidenced by increased learner satisfaction, engagement, and retention. This research provides new insights into the good potential of implementing online-based learning integrated with primary historical sources. Thus, history learning will be better and provide a positive impact for learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Education Research Complete
Description
Abstract:This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of primary sources in enhancing student engagement and retention in online history learning. The research uses a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of integrating primary sources on student engagement and retention, involving 300 students from three high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: SMAN 1, SMAN 5, and SMAN 8. Data collection was conducted through Likert-scale surveys and focus group discussions. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics, ANOVA to examine differences in engagement levels, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate retention scores. The results showed that 90% of students at SMAN 1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, reported high satisfaction, while SMAN 5 and SMAN 8 showed satisfaction levels of 85% and 88%, respectively. ANOVA indicated significant differences in engagement (F = 8.76, p = 0.0002), with SMAN 1 scoring an average of 82, SMAN 8 scoring 80, and SMAN 5 scoring 78. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in retention (H = 21.36, p = 0.000023), with the highest median retention at SMAN 8 (77), followed by SMAN 1 (75), and SMAN 5 (72). These findings suggest that integrating primary sources significantly enhances student satisfaction, engagement, and retention in learning. This study provides new insights into the impact of authentic historical materials on student engagement and offers promising directions for developing more effective curricula. Furthermore, the study contributes to the global discourse on e-learning by demonstrating the value of primary sources in digital education, potentially guiding educational institutions worldwide in improving online history learning practices. PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT: This research shows good results in integrating primary sources in history learning as evidenced by increased learner satisfaction, engagement, and retention. This research provides new insights into the good potential of implementing online-based learning integrated with primary historical sources. Thus, history learning will be better and provide a positive impact for learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:2331186X
DOI:10.1080/2331186X.2025.2452087