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A Brief History of Defi nitions of Artifi cial Intelligence: From the Great Bombe to Black Boxes.

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Title: A Brief History of Defi nitions of Artifi cial Intelligence: From the Great Bombe to Black Boxes.
Alternate Title: ZEMČÍK, T. Stručná historie defi nic umělé inteligence: od velké Bomby po Black boxy.
Authors: Zemčík, Tomáš1 tomas.zemcik@vsb.cz
Source: Pedagogika. 2025, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p309-340. 32p.
Subject Terms: *Artificial intelligence, Fractals
Abstract (English): The study explores and highlights the direct relationship between contemporary knowledge, paradigms, aims, and public expectations in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and its definitions. For the purpose of this research, the division of the stages of the development of AI was used for analogies to the seasons; spring to winter of AI. The history of Al is covered here only in the range necessary to point out this relationship with the possibilities of deriving the resulting definitions. Examples of period-typical Al definitions are given for each period. This historical excursion is then used as a background for thinking about the form (not the content) of the definition of Al that is appropriate to the current state of the field and its paradigm, focus, and use. The current discussion on the shape of the definition of Al within the framework of EU legislation is outlined. The form of a suitable definition of Al for the present is examined from the perspective of interested parties, such as multinational entities, business organisations, and other stakeholders, and is compared with some already valid definitions of these entities. A paradox in the definitions of AI, which are always too "narrow and broad at the same time" from a certain point of view, is pointed out. Finally, the possibility of deploying a fractal definition with a fixed rational-moral core but changing content with respect to the levels at which it is applied is explored within a conceptual ideation. This operational fractal definition could, in principle, resolve the ever-present "broadness-narrowness" paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Czech): Studie zkoumá a zdůrazňuje přímý vztah mezi dobovým věděním, paradigmaty, cíli a očekáváními veřejnosti v oblasti umělé inteligence (AI) a jejími defi nicemi. Pro účely tohoto výzkumu bylo pro rozdělení fází vývoje AI použito analogie k ročním obdobím: jaro až zima AI. Historie AI je zde pokryta pouze v rozsahu nezbytném k poukázání na tento vztah s možností odvození vyplývajících defi nic. Pro každé období jsou uvedeny příklady defi nic AI typických pro dané období. Tato historická exkurze je poté použita jako podklad pro úvahy o formě (nikoli obsahu) defi nice AI, která je vhodná pro současný stav oboru a jeho paradigma, zaměření a použití. Je nastíněna současná diskuse o podobě defi nice AI v rámci legislativy EU. Forma vhodné defi nice AI pro současnost je zkoumána z pohledu zainteresovaných aktérů, jako jsou nadnárodní subjekty, obchodní organizace a další zúčastněné strany, a je porovnána s některými již platnými defi nicemi těchto subjektů. Je poukázáno na paradox v defi nicích AI, které jsou z určitého hlediska vždy příliš „úzké a zároveň široké". Nakonec je v rámci koncepční ideace prozkoumána možnost použití fraktální defi nice s pevným racionálně-morálním jádrem, ale s měnícím se obsahem v závislosti na úrovni, na které je aplikována. Tato operativní fraktální defi nice by v zásadě mohla vyřešit stále přítomný paradox „širokosti–úzkosti". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Education Research Complete
Description
Abstract:The study explores and highlights the direct relationship between contemporary knowledge, paradigms, aims, and public expectations in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and its definitions. For the purpose of this research, the division of the stages of the development of AI was used for analogies to the seasons; spring to winter of AI. The history of Al is covered here only in the range necessary to point out this relationship with the possibilities of deriving the resulting definitions. Examples of period-typical Al definitions are given for each period. This historical excursion is then used as a background for thinking about the form (not the content) of the definition of Al that is appropriate to the current state of the field and its paradigm, focus, and use. The current discussion on the shape of the definition of Al within the framework of EU legislation is outlined. The form of a suitable definition of Al for the present is examined from the perspective of interested parties, such as multinational entities, business organisations, and other stakeholders, and is compared with some already valid definitions of these entities. A paradox in the definitions of AI, which are always too "narrow and broad at the same time" from a certain point of view, is pointed out. Finally, the possibility of deploying a fractal definition with a fixed rational-moral core but changing content with respect to the levels at which it is applied is explored within a conceptual ideation. This operational fractal definition could, in principle, resolve the ever-present "broadness-narrowness" paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00313815
DOI:10.14712/23362189.2025.5009