ADDRESSING LOWER THRESHOLD CONCEPT ISSUE AMONG DISTANCE LEARNERS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF SCHOLARLY TEACHING AND LEARNING (SOTL) IN FRANCHISE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

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Title:	ADDRESSING LOWER THRESHOLD CONCEPT ISSUE AMONG DISTANCE LEARNERS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF SCHOLARLY TEACHING AND LEARNING (SOTL) IN FRANCHISE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.
Authors:	Kamarudin, Muhamad Ali Imran¹ aliimran@uum.edu.my, Ibharim, Mohamad Zakuan Tuan¹, Laing, Boo Hooi¹, Kamarruddin, Nur Nadia Adjrina¹, Abaidah, Tunku Nur Atikhah Tunku¹
Source:	Journal of Educators Online. May2026, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms:	Threshold concepts (Learning), Effective teaching, Action research, Distance education, Evidence-based education, Educational technology, Franchisor-franchisee relationships
Abstract:	Over time, distance learning has changed dramatically and has become one of the most common substitutes for on-campus or full-time coursework in academic programs at higher education institutions across the globe. However, a recurring issue among distance learners pertains to their limited ability to understand threshold concepts (i.e., focal elements to the mastery of a subject matter), including in the area of franchise business. This study aims to explore the feasibility of scholarly teaching and learning (SoTL) research through the implementation of an innovative approach known as the Infographic Module-Based Padlet (IMP). The study adopts an action research approach, and data were analysed using a triangulation methodology comprising: (a) document analysis, (b) one-on-one interviews, and (c) instructors’ and researchers’ reflections to ensure data trustworthiness. The findings reveal that the distance learning format, a lack of foundational knowledge in franchise business theory, and early technological resistance are key factors contributing to low threshold concept issues. The study also finds that integrating the IMP cyclical approach was effective in addressing these challenges among distance learners. From a policy perspective, the study may shed light on the need for structured teaching and learning activities, particularly for distance learners. Practically, the interactive IMP approach demonstrates significant potential as a breakthrough strategy for enhancing learning effectiveness and improving students’ grasp of threshold concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Education Research Complete

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Abstract:	Over time, distance learning has changed dramatically and has become one of the most common substitutes for on-campus or full-time coursework in academic programs at higher education institutions across the globe. However, a recurring issue among distance learners pertains to their limited ability to understand threshold concepts (i.e., focal elements to the mastery of a subject matter), including in the area of franchise business. This study aims to explore the feasibility of scholarly teaching and learning (SoTL) research through the implementation of an innovative approach known as the Infographic Module-Based Padlet (IMP). The study adopts an action research approach, and data were analysed using a triangulation methodology comprising: (a) document analysis, (b) one-on-one interviews, and (c) instructors’ and researchers’ reflections to ensure data trustworthiness. The findings reveal that the distance learning format, a lack of foundational knowledge in franchise business theory, and early technological resistance are key factors contributing to low threshold concept issues. The study also finds that integrating the IMP cyclical approach was effective in addressing these challenges among distance learners. From a policy perspective, the study may shed light on the need for structured teaching and learning activities, particularly for distance learners. Practically, the interactive IMP approach demonstrates significant potential as a breakthrough strategy for enhancing learning effectiveness and improving students’ grasp of threshold concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	1547500X