The knowledge gap: Implications of leveling the playing field for low-income and middle-income children.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: The knowledge gap: Implications of leveling the playing field for low-income and middle-income children.
Authors: NEUMAN, SUSAN B.1 sbneuman@umich.edu, CELANO, DONNA2 celanod@chc.edu
Source: Reading Research Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell). Apr-Jun2006, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p176-201. 26p. 1 Diagram, 10 Charts, 3 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Public libraries, *Poor children, *Reading, *Language arts, *Library resources, Branch libraries, Knowledge gap theory
Geographic Terms: Philadelphia (Pa.), Pennsylvania
Abstract (English): This study examines children's uses of reading resources in neighborhood public libraries that have been transformed to "level the playing field." Through Foundation funding (US$20 million), the public library system of Philadelphia converted neighborhood branch libraries into a technologized modern urban library system, hoping to improve the lives of disadvantaged children and their families by closing the achievement gap. Using a mosaic of ethnographic methodologies, four studies examined children's uses of library resources in low-income and middle-income neighborhood libraries, prior to renovations and technology, right after, and once the novelty had worn off a year later, for preschoolers, elementary, and teens. Results indicated that despite heavy library use across low-income and middle-income children, quality differentials in the way resources were used appeared at all age levels, prior to, immediately after, and stronger still following technology renovations. Taken together, these studies suggest equal resources to economically unequal groups did not level the playing field. Instead, it appeared to widen the knowledge gap between low-income and middle-income children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Este estudio examina el uso que hacen los niños de los recursos de lectura en bibliotecas públicas barriales que han sido transformadas para "nivelar el campo de juego". Por medio de un subsidio (20 millones de dólares), el sistema de bibliotecas públicas de Filadelfia convirtió las bibliotecas barriales en un sistema de bibliotecas moderno, urbano y con tecnología, esperando mejorar la vida de los niños en desventaja y sus familias, así como cerrar la brecha entre los logros de los niños de clase media y baja. Mediante un mosaico de metodologías etnográficas, cuatro estudios examinaron el uso que hacían los niños de los recursos de las bibliotecas en los barrios de clase baja y media en tres momentos: antes de las renovaciones y la tecnología, inmediatamente después y cuando habían dejado ya de ser novedad, un año más tarde para los niños de nivel inicial, primario y adolescentes. Los resultados indicaron que, a pesar de registrarse un uso intenso tanto en los niños de clase baja como en los de clase media, aparecieron diferencias cualitativas en la forma en que los recursos fueron usados en todas las edades, antes, inmediatamente después y, más fuertemente, luego de las renovaciones tecnológicas. En conjunto, estos estudios sugieren que iguales recursos a grupos económicamente diferentes no nivelaron el campo de juego. Al contrario, la brecha de conocimientos entre los niños de clase baja y clase media pareció agrandarse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (German): Diese Studie untersucht die Nutzung der Leseressourcen von Kindern in öffentlichen Nachbarschaftsbüchereien, die zum ...Angleichen der Spielregeln" umgewandelt wurden. Durch Spendenaufbringung (20 Millionen Dollars) veränderte Philadelphias öffentliches Büchereisystem Büchereiniederlassungen in Nachbarschaften in ein technologisch modernes städtisches Büchereisystem, in der Hoffnung, das Leben von benachteiligten Kindern und ihrer Familien durch Schließen des Leistungsabstands zu verbessern. Durch Anwendung eines Mosaiks von ethnographischen Methodologien untersuchten vier Studien die Nutzung der Büchereiressourcen durch Kinder von Büchereien in Nachbarschaften mit niedrigen und mittleren Einkommen vor Renovierungen und Technologie, unmittelbar danach, und nachdem die Erneuerungsbegeisterung nachließ, ein Jahr danach für Vorschüler, Grundschüler und Teens. Ergebnisse zeigten, daß trotz starker Büchereinutzung von Kindern quer durch niedrige und mittlere Einkommen Qualitätsunterschiede entstanden in der Art wie die Ressourcen durch alle Altersgruppen, vorher, unmittelbar danach, und stärker noch als Folge der Technologieerneuerung verwandt wurden. Zusammengefasst, deutet diese Studie an, daß gleiche Ressourcen für wirtschaftlich ungleiche Gruppen nicht die Spielregeln ausglichen. Stattdessen, so schien es, erweiterte sich die Wissenslücke zwischen Kindern aus niedrigen Einkommen und mittleren Einkommen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Education Research Complete
Description
Abstract:This study examines children's uses of reading resources in neighborhood public libraries that have been transformed to "level the playing field." Through Foundation funding (US$20 million), the public library system of Philadelphia converted neighborhood branch libraries into a technologized modern urban library system, hoping to improve the lives of disadvantaged children and their families by closing the achievement gap. Using a mosaic of ethnographic methodologies, four studies examined children's uses of library resources in low-income and middle-income neighborhood libraries, prior to renovations and technology, right after, and once the novelty had worn off a year later, for preschoolers, elementary, and teens. Results indicated that despite heavy library use across low-income and middle-income children, quality differentials in the way resources were used appeared at all age levels, prior to, immediately after, and stronger still following technology renovations. Taken together, these studies suggest equal resources to economically unequal groups did not level the playing field. Instead, it appeared to widen the knowledge gap between low-income and middle-income children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00340553
DOI:10.1598/RRQ.41.2.2