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The Distributed Lambda (λ) Model (DLM): A 3-D, Finite-Element Muscle Model Based on Feldman's λ Model; Assessment of Orofacial Gestures.

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Title: The Distributed Lambda (λ) Model (DLM): A 3-D, Finite-Element Muscle Model Based on Feldman's λ Model; Assessment of Orofacial Gestures.
Authors: Nazari, Mohammad Ali Mohammad.Nazari@gipsa-lab.grenoble-inp.fr, Perrier, Pascal1, Payan, Yohan1,2
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Dec2013 Supplement, Vol. 56 Issue 6S, pS1909-S1923. 15p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Computer software, *Experimental design, Lips, Skeletal muscle physiology, Biomechanics, Facial expression, Research funding, Speech, Physiology
Abstract: Purpose: The authors aimed to design a distributed lambda model (DLM), which is well adapted to implement three-dimensional (3-D), finite-element descriptions of muscles. Method: A muscle element model was designed. Its Stress-strain relationships included the active force-length characteristics of the λ model along the muscle fibers, together with the passive properties of muscle tissues in the 3-D space. The muscle element was first assessed using simple geometrical representations of muscles in the form of rectangular bars. It was then included in a 3-D face model, and its impact on lip protrusion was compared with the impact of a Hill-type muscle model. Results: The force-length characteristic associated with the muscle elements matched well with the invariant characteristics of the l model. The impact of the passive properties was assessed. Isometric force variation and isotonic displacements were modeled. The comparison with a Hill-type model revealed strong similarities in terms of global stress and strain. Conclusion: The DLM accounted for the characteristics of the λ model. Biomechanically, no clear differences were found between the DLM and a Hill-type model. Accurate evaluations of the λ model, based on the comparison between data and simulations, are now possible with 3-D biomechanical descriptions of the speech articulators because of the DLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Education Research Complete
Description
Abstract:Purpose: The authors aimed to design a distributed lambda model (DLM), which is well adapted to implement three-dimensional (3-D), finite-element descriptions of muscles. Method: A muscle element model was designed. Its Stress-strain relationships included the active force-length characteristics of the λ model along the muscle fibers, together with the passive properties of muscle tissues in the 3-D space. The muscle element was first assessed using simple geometrical representations of muscles in the form of rectangular bars. It was then included in a 3-D face model, and its impact on lip protrusion was compared with the impact of a Hill-type muscle model. Results: The force-length characteristic associated with the muscle elements matched well with the invariant characteristics of the l model. The impact of the passive properties was assessed. Isometric force variation and isotonic displacements were modeled. The comparison with a Hill-type model revealed strong similarities in terms of global stress and strain. Conclusion: The DLM accounted for the characteristics of the λ model. Biomechanically, no clear differences were found between the DLM and a Hill-type model. Accurate evaluations of the λ model, based on the comparison between data and simulations, are now possible with 3-D biomechanical descriptions of the speech articulators because of the DLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10924388
DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0222)