Experimental study of exergy efficiency, rheological behavior, thermal performance, and entropy generation/destruction in graphene-ZrO2/water hybrid nanofluids.
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| Title: | Experimental study of exergy efficiency, rheological behavior, thermal performance, and entropy generation/destruction in graphene-ZrO |
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| Authors: | Singh, Pradeep Kumar1 (AUTHOR), Manikandan, R.2 (AUTHOR) manikandanr.sse@saveetha.com, Kulshreshta, Ankur3 (AUTHOR), Jacob, Ashwin4 (AUTHOR), Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M.5,6 (AUTHOR), Sekar, S.7 (AUTHOR), Kaliappan, S.8 (AUTHOR), Obaid, Sami Al9 (AUTHOR), Salmen, Saleh Hussein9 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Experimental Heat Transfer. 2026, Vol. 39 Issue 3, p293-316. 24p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Nanofluids, *Heat transfer coefficient, *Thermal conductivity, *Entropy, *Rheology, *Dynamic viscosity |
| Abstract: | The present investigation established the heat transfer coefficient, thermal and frictional entropy generation, entropy destruction, exergy efficiency, dynamic viscosity, and thermal performance of G-ZrO2/water nanofluid. The two-step fabrication method developed the hybrid nanofluid with distinct particle loading ϕ = 0.0%, 0.05%, 0.75%, 0.1%, and 0.125% and Reynolds numbers ranging from 2000 to 23,200. As a result, the increases in Nu and hnf are 33.03% and 59.4% for particle loading ϕ = 0.125% at Reynolds number (Re) 15,608, respectively. Moreover, the temperature variance decreases from 31.06% to 61.63% as the particle loading of ϕ = 0.125 is modified at Reynolds numbers 2000–15,608, respectively. The friction factor increases by 5.089% at Reynolds number (Re) 2456 and particle loading ϕ = 0.125%, increasing to 16.52% at higher Reynolds numbers than base fluid. Similarly, with a Re number of 15,608 and 1.0% volume of nanofluid, the development of frictional entropy (Sg, F) increases by 94.23% while the production of thermal entropy (Sg, T) decreases by 33.61%. Similarly, the higher reduction in thermal exergy destruction (Exdes, T) and increases of frictional exergy destruction (Exdes, F) value of 20.46% and 158.097% were observed at Re number Re = 23255 for higher particle loading of ϕ = 0.125%. Moreover, the exergy efficiencies demonstrated improvements of 11.76%, 15.38%, 19.84%, and 20.58% at Re of 23,255, 21023, 18058, and 15,608, respectively, in assessment to the distilled water. The TPF is 1.252 times higher than the base fluid, demonstrating the favorable characteristics of G-ZrO2/water nanofluids as heat transfer hybrid nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Abstract: | The present investigation established the heat transfer coefficient, thermal and frictional entropy generation, entropy destruction, exergy efficiency, dynamic viscosity, and thermal performance of G-ZrO2/water nanofluid. The two-step fabrication method developed the hybrid nanofluid with distinct particle loading ϕ = 0.0%, 0.05%, 0.75%, 0.1%, and 0.125% and Reynolds numbers ranging from 2000 to 23,200. As a result, the increases in Nu and hnf are 33.03% and 59.4% for particle loading ϕ = 0.125% at Reynolds number (Re) 15,608, respectively. Moreover, the temperature variance decreases from 31.06% to 61.63% as the particle loading of ϕ = 0.125 is modified at Reynolds numbers 2000–15,608, respectively. The friction factor increases by 5.089% at Reynolds number (Re) 2456 and particle loading ϕ = 0.125%, increasing to 16.52% at higher Reynolds numbers than base fluid. Similarly, with a Re number of 15,608 and 1.0% volume of nanofluid, the development of frictional entropy (Sg, F) increases by 94.23% while the production of thermal entropy (Sg, T) decreases by 33.61%. Similarly, the higher reduction in thermal exergy destruction (Exdes, T) and increases of frictional exergy destruction (Exdes, F) value of 20.46% and 158.097% were observed at Re number Re = 23255 for higher particle loading of ϕ = 0.125%. Moreover, the exergy efficiencies demonstrated improvements of 11.76%, 15.38%, 19.84%, and 20.58% at Re of 23,255, 21023, 18058, and 15,608, respectively, in assessment to the distilled water. The TPF is 1.252 times higher than the base fluid, demonstrating the favorable characteristics of G-ZrO2/water nanofluids as heat transfer hybrid nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 08916152 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/08916152.2025.2503887 |
