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A Dual-Factor Defrosting Model for Air-Source Heat Pumps Considering Ambient Temperature and Compressor Frequency.

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Title: A Dual-Factor Defrosting Model for Air-Source Heat Pumps Considering Ambient Temperature and Compressor Frequency.
Authors: Xu, Xuyan1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Tao2 (AUTHOR), Li, Dongming1,2 (AUTHOR), Sun, Wanchun2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Zhijiang2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Yansheng2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2787. 27p.
Subject Terms: *Atmospheric temperature, *Compressor performance, *Conservation of energy, *Ice formation & growth, *Air source heat pump systems, *Heat pump efficiency, *Prediction models
Abstract: This study presents a novel investigation into the coupled effects of ambient temperature and compressor frequency on frosting behavior and thermal performance of inverter-driven air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) under low-temperature, high-humidity conditions. Unlike previous studies that focused on single environmental parameters, this work systematically explores temperature–frequency coupling. Experiments were conducted on a 3-HP DC inverter low-ambient-temperature ASHP unit using a multi-climate simulated enthalpy difference test bench. Single-factor analysis shows that frosting is most severe at 0 °C, where the frost growth rate peaks. Regarding compressor frequency, the coefficient of performance (COP) initially increases and then decreases with frequency. The maximum COP occurs near 45 Hz, representing the optimal energy efficiency balance in this experimental system. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that relative humidity contributes less than 5% to performance degradation at the critical 10% COP reduction point. Thus, ambient temperature and compressor frequency are the core determinants of defrosting timing. A dual-factor prediction model for the critical defrosting air-to-coil temperature difference (∆T) is developed using temperature (t) and frequency (f) as independent variables. Validation confirms that the model maintains prediction error within 10% under both single-factor and multi-factor coupling conditions. Collectively, this research quantifies the coupled effects of ambient temperature and compressor frequency on frosting performance and provides a novel theoretical framework for precise defrosting control in inverter ASHPs based on performance attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194909236
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A Dual-Factor Defrosting Model for Air-Source Heat Pumps Considering Ambient Temperature and Compressor Frequency.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Xuyan%22">Xu, Xuyan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Tao%22">Zhang, Tao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Dongming%22">Li, Dongming</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Wanchun%22">Sun, Wanchun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Zhijiang%22">Wu, Zhijiang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Yansheng%22">Xu, Yansheng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2787. 27p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+temperature%22">Atmospheric temperature</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressor+performance%22">Compressor performance</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conservation+of+energy%22">Conservation of energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ice+formation+%26+growth%22">Ice formation & growth</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+source+heat+pump+systems%22">Air source heat pump systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+pump+efficiency%22">Heat pump efficiency</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prediction+models%22">Prediction models</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study presents a novel investigation into the coupled effects of ambient temperature and compressor frequency on frosting behavior and thermal performance of inverter-driven air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) under low-temperature, high-humidity conditions. Unlike previous studies that focused on single environmental parameters, this work systematically explores temperature–frequency coupling. Experiments were conducted on a 3-HP DC inverter low-ambient-temperature ASHP unit using a multi-climate simulated enthalpy difference test bench. Single-factor analysis shows that frosting is most severe at 0 °C, where the frost growth rate peaks. Regarding compressor frequency, the coefficient of performance (COP) initially increases and then decreases with frequency. The maximum COP occurs near 45 Hz, representing the optimal energy efficiency balance in this experimental system. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that relative humidity contributes less than 5% to performance degradation at the critical 10% COP reduction point. Thus, ambient temperature and compressor frequency are the core determinants of defrosting timing. A dual-factor prediction model for the critical defrosting air-to-coil temperature difference (∆T) is developed using temperature (t) and frequency (f) as independent variables. Validation confirms that the model maintains prediction error within 10% under both single-factor and multi-factor coupling conditions. Collectively, this research quantifies the coupled effects of ambient temperature and compressor frequency on frosting performance and provides a novel theoretical framework for precise defrosting control in inverter ASHPs based on performance attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194909236
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19122787
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 27
        StartPage: 2787
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric temperature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compressor performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Conservation of energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ice formation & growth
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Air source heat pump systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat pump efficiency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prediction models
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Dual-Factor Defrosting Model for Air-Source Heat Pumps Considering Ambient Temperature and Compressor Frequency.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xu, Xuyan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Tao
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Li, Dongming
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sun, Wanchun
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wu, Zhijiang
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xu, Yansheng
    IsPartOfRelationships:
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          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 12
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
              Type: main
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