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Underbody Impacts on EV Power Battery Packs: Modeling of Macromechanical and Internal Effects.

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Title: Underbody Impacts on EV Power Battery Packs: Modeling of Macromechanical and Internal Effects.
Authors: Li, Zhijie1 (AUTHOR) heaton_lzj@163.com, Li, Liejun2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yuchao1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Jiqing2 (AUTHOR), Lan, Fengchong2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2826. 27p.
Subject Terms: *Finite element method, *Impact testing, *Electric vehicles, *Mechanical models
Abstract: Short circuits and subsequent fires resulting from objects impacting the bottom of vehicle power battery packs considerably jeopardize electric vehicle (EV) operations. This study investigated underbody impacts in EVs and the overall mechanical properties of battery cells. Key features of road debris were extracted and simplified to establish a geometric parameter structure model and determine realistic battery pack responses to debris impact. Quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests on a prismatic lithium-ion battery (LIB) and power battery pack followed. Macroscopic mechanical responses, deformation failure modes, and internal jellyroll damage of cells and packs were evaluated, and constitutive equations and failure parameters were derived to develop a finite element model, whose effectiveness and reliability were verified by comparing simulation results with experimental data. Finally, a homogenized model of the prismatic LIB and power battery pack was constructed, which effectively predicted the macroscopic mechanical response and internal short-circuit failure under mechanical loading. However, simulation and test results revealed certain deviations in cell indentations under battery pack bottom impacts, presumably because the FEMs neglect the dynamic strain rate effects of electrolyte and cooling liquid. Overall, this study elucidates safety risks to cells and their key components under power battery pack bottom impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194909275
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Underbody Impacts on EV Power Battery Packs: Modeling of Macromechanical and Internal Effects.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhijie%22">Li, Zhijie</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> heaton_lzj@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Liejun%22">Li, Liejun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yuchao%22">Wang, Yuchao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Jiqing%22">Chen, Jiqing</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lan%2C+Fengchong%22">Lan, Fengchong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2826. 27p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impact+testing%22">Impact testing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+vehicles%22">Electric vehicles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+models%22">Mechanical models</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Short circuits and subsequent fires resulting from objects impacting the bottom of vehicle power battery packs considerably jeopardize electric vehicle (EV) operations. This study investigated underbody impacts in EVs and the overall mechanical properties of battery cells. Key features of road debris were extracted and simplified to establish a geometric parameter structure model and determine realistic battery pack responses to debris impact. Quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests on a prismatic lithium-ion battery (LIB) and power battery pack followed. Macroscopic mechanical responses, deformation failure modes, and internal jellyroll damage of cells and packs were evaluated, and constitutive equations and failure parameters were derived to develop a finite element model, whose effectiveness and reliability were verified by comparing simulation results with experimental data. Finally, a homogenized model of the prismatic LIB and power battery pack was constructed, which effectively predicted the macroscopic mechanical response and internal short-circuit failure under mechanical loading. However, simulation and test results revealed certain deviations in cell indentations under battery pack bottom impacts, presumably because the FEMs neglect the dynamic strain rate effects of electrolyte and cooling liquid. Overall, this study elucidates safety risks to cells and their key components under power battery pack bottom impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194909275
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19122826
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 27
        StartPage: 2826
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Impact testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric vehicles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical models
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Underbody Impacts on EV Power Battery Packs: Modeling of Macromechanical and Internal Effects.
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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