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How do country R&D change the allocation of self-employment across different types?

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Authors: Burke, Andrew1 (AUTHOR), Lyalkov, Serhiy2 (AUTHOR), Millán, Ana3 (AUTHOR), Millán, José María4 (AUTHOR) jmillan@uhu.es, van Stel, André1,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Small Business Economics. Feb2021, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p695-721. 27p. 7 Charts.
Subject Terms: *Self-employment, *Freelancers, *Cost shifting
Abstract: We investigate the impact of country R&D on the allocation of self-employment across different types, where types are identified based on occupational status and start-up motive. We first conduct a literature review based on which we consider the self-employed with employees to be of higher 'quality' (in terms of their overall contribution to the economy) compared with independent own-account workers, who in turn may be considered of higher quality than dependent self-employed workers. Similarly, we also consider opportunity self-employed to be of higher quality than necessity self-employed. Our empirical analysis then shows that the level of a country's R&D expenditures increases the share of self-employed with employees and that of opportunity self-employed (i.e. the self-employment types associated with higher quality) at the cost of the shares of dependent self-employed and necessity self-employed. Higher R&D expenditures at the country level thus increase the quality of self-employment in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Entrepreneurial Studies Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burke%2C+Andrew%22">Burke, Andrew</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lyalkov%2C+Serhiy%22">Lyalkov, Serhiy</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Millán%2C+Ana%22">Millán, Ana</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Millán%2C+José+María%22">Millán, José María</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jmillan@uhu.es</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Stel%2C+André%22">van Stel, André</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Small+Business+Economics%22">Small Business Economics</searchLink>. Feb2021, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p695-721. 27p. 7 Charts.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-employment%22">Self-employment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Freelancers%22">Freelancers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost+shifting%22">Cost shifting</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: We investigate the impact of country R&D on the allocation of self-employment across different types, where types are identified based on occupational status and start-up motive. We first conduct a literature review based on which we consider the self-employed with employees to be of higher 'quality' (in terms of their overall contribution to the economy) compared with independent own-account workers, who in turn may be considered of higher quality than dependent self-employed workers. Similarly, we also consider opportunity self-employed to be of higher quality than necessity self-employed. Our empirical analysis then shows that the level of a country's R&D expenditures increases the share of self-employed with employees and that of opportunity self-employed (i.e. the self-employment types associated with higher quality) at the cost of the shares of dependent self-employed and necessity self-employed. Higher R&D expenditures at the country level thus increase the quality of self-employment in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11187-019-00196-z
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Self-employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Freelancers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cost shifting
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      – TitleFull: How do country R&D change the allocation of self-employment across different types?
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              Text: Feb2021
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              Y: 2021
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