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Individual Differences in Knowledge Acquisition from Maps. A Report Prepared for Office of Naval Research.

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Title: Individual Differences in Knowledge Acquisition from Maps. A Report Prepared for Office of Naval Research.
Language: English
Authors: Thorndyke, Perry W., Stasz, Cathleen, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Availability: Rand Corporation, Publications Department, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, California 90406 ($5.00, paper copy)
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 50
Publication Date: 1979
Sponsoring Agency: Office of Naval Research, Washington, DC. Psychological Sciences Div.
Office of Naval Research, Washington, DC. Personnel and Training Branch.
Contract Number: N00014-78-C-0042
Report Number: Rand-R-2375-ONR
Document Type: Reports - Research
Descriptors: Adult Education, Behavioral Science Research, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Style, Individual Differences, Learning Processes, Map Skills, Maps, Research Methodology, Spatial Relationship, Success
Geographic Terms: U.S.; California
Abstract: This study investigates the strategies people use to acquire knowledge from maps. Among the questions examined were (1) what distinguishes poor learners from good learners, and (2) how do the learning strategies of map-using experts differ from those of nonexpert learners? Eight subjects participated in the study. Five were undergraduate students at the University of California at Los Angeles and three were experts with military or scientific expertise in map reading. All subjects were given two maps of an imaginary town and country. They were allowed six trials of two minutes each in which to learn the information in the maps well enough to draw them from memory and answer questions about their contents. During the six trials they were required to think aloud about how they were going about learning the maps. Analysis of the subjects' verbal reports and performance on a test of map content indicated that four types of learning processes were used: attention, encoding, evaluation, and control. The use of processes for encoding spatial information (storing it in long-term memory and relating it to other information already learned) was most predictive of learning performance. Good learners differed from poor learners in their ability to evaluate their learning progress and to focus their attention on unlearned information. (Author/AV)
Journal Code: RIEDEC1979
Entry Date: 1979
Accession Number: ED174518
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Individual Differences in Knowledge Acquisition from Maps. A Report Prepared for Office of Naval Research.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thorndyke%2C+Perry+W%2E%22">Thorndyke, Perry W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stasz%2C+Cathleen%22">Stasz, Cathleen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rand+Corp%2E%2C+Santa+Monica%2C+CA%2E%22">Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA.</searchLink>
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  Data: Rand Corporation, Publications Department, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, California 90406 ($5.00, paper copy)
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  Data: N
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  Data: 50
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  Label: Publication Date
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  Data: 1979
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  Data: Office of Naval Research, Washington, DC. Psychological Sciences Div.<br />Office of Naval Research, Washington, DC. Personnel and Training Branch.
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  Data: N00014-78-C-0042
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  Data: Rand-R-2375-ONR
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  Data: Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adult+Education%22">Adult Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavioral+Science+Research%22">Behavioral Science Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Processes%22">Cognitive Processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Style%22">Cognitive Style</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Individual+Differences%22">Individual Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Processes%22">Learning Processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Map+Skills%22">Map Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maps%22">Maps</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+Methodology%22">Research Methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+Relationship%22">Spatial Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Success%22">Success</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22U%2ES%2E%3B+California%22">U.S.; California</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study investigates the strategies people use to acquire knowledge from maps. Among the questions examined were (1) what distinguishes poor learners from good learners, and (2) how do the learning strategies of map-using experts differ from those of nonexpert learners? Eight subjects participated in the study. Five were undergraduate students at the University of California at Los Angeles and three were experts with military or scientific expertise in map reading. All subjects were given two maps of an imaginary town and country. They were allowed six trials of two minutes each in which to learn the information in the maps well enough to draw them from memory and answer questions about their contents. During the six trials they were required to think aloud about how they were going about learning the maps. Analysis of the subjects' verbal reports and performance on a test of map content indicated that four types of learning processes were used: attention, encoding, evaluation, and control. The use of processes for encoding spatial information (storing it in long-term memory and relating it to other information already learned) was most predictive of learning performance. Good learners differed from poor learners in their ability to evaluate their learning progress and to focus their attention on unlearned information. (Author/AV)
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  Data: 1979
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 50
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Adult Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavioral Science Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Style
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Individual Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learning Processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Map Skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maps
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research Methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatial Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Success
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: U.S.; California
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Individual Differences in Knowledge Acquisition from Maps. A Report Prepared for Office of Naval Research.
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            NameFull: Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
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            NameFull: Thorndyke, Perry W.
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            NameFull: Stasz, Cathleen
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 1979
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