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Cycles in Speed-Working Memory-G Relations: Towards a Developmental-Differential Theory of the Mind

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Title: Cycles in Speed-Working Memory-G Relations: Towards a Developmental-Differential Theory of the Mind
Language: English
Authors: Demetriou, Andreas, Spanoudis, George, Shayer, Michael
Source: Intelligence. Jan-Feb 2013 41(1):34-50.
Availability: Elsevier. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126; Tel: 407-345-4020; Fax: 407-363-1354; e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com; Web site: http://www.elsevier.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Physical Description: PDF
Page Count: 17
Publication Date: 2013
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Age, Intelligence, Structural Equation Models, Age Differences, Children, Adolescents, Theories, Individual Development
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2012.10.010
ISSN: 0160-2896
Abstract: This article presents three studies, two of them longitudinal, which investigated the relations between age, processing speed, working memory (WM), and fluid intelligence ("g[subscript f]") from 4 to 16 years of age. Structural equation modeling showed that speed was a powerful covariate of age ([approximately] - 0.6 to - 0.7) from 4 to 13 years, declining thereafter (to [approximately] - 0.2). WM was stably related to speed through the whole age-span studied ([approximately] - 0.4 to - 0.5). A large part (59%) of age-related changes in "g[subscript f]" (83%) from 4 to 7 years and a lower but significant part later on, especially in adolescence ([approximately] 10-20% out of [approximately] 40-50%), were mediated by WM. However, with speed and age controlled, WM was almost fully commensurate with "g[subscript f]" ([approximately] 0.9), from about the age of 8-9 years onwards. A series of models suggested an ever present efficiency level defined by speed and control and a representational level defined by WM and "g[subscript f]", which are increasingly differentiated with development. All processes develop in cycles concerted by a dynamic G. Change in each process over time originated from within the processes themselves and G, in proportions varying with developmental phase. Overall, speed signified age-associated changes in processing capabilities, partly expressed in WM expansions and "g[subscript f]" reconstructions. An overarching model is proposed integrating differential with developmental theories of human intelligence. (Contains 2 tables and 5 figures.)
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2013
Accession Number: EJ1001675
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Intelligence%22"><i>Intelligence</i></searchLink>. Jan-Feb 2013 41(1):34-50.
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  Data: Elsevier. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126; Tel: 407-345-4020; Fax: 407-363-1354; e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com; Web site: http://www.elsevier.com
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  Data: This article presents three studies, two of them longitudinal, which investigated the relations between age, processing speed, working memory (WM), and fluid intelligence ("g[subscript f]") from 4 to 16 years of age. Structural equation modeling showed that speed was a powerful covariate of age ([approximately] - 0.6 to - 0.7) from 4 to 13 years, declining thereafter (to [approximately] - 0.2). WM was stably related to speed through the whole age-span studied ([approximately] - 0.4 to - 0.5). A large part (59%) of age-related changes in "g[subscript f]" (83%) from 4 to 7 years and a lower but significant part later on, especially in adolescence ([approximately] 10-20% out of [approximately] 40-50%), were mediated by WM. However, with speed and age controlled, WM was almost fully commensurate with "g[subscript f]" ([approximately] 0.9), from about the age of 8-9 years onwards. A series of models suggested an ever present efficiency level defined by speed and control and a representational level defined by WM and "g[subscript f]", which are increasingly differentiated with development. All processes develop in cycles concerted by a dynamic G. Change in each process over time originated from within the processes themselves and G, in proportions varying with developmental phase. Overall, speed signified age-associated changes in processing capabilities, partly expressed in WM expansions and "g[subscript f]" reconstructions. An overarching model is proposed integrating differential with developmental theories of human intelligence. (Contains 2 tables and 5 figures.)
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